diff --git a/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/background.rs b/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/background.rs
index d706029..aa7d6e8 100644
--- a/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/background.rs
+++ b/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/background.rs
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 //! 为什么向底色退而不是「叠黑」：浅色主题下叠黑会把亮图压成暗块，深色正文反而更读不清
 //! （偏离登记在 [`super`] 的偏离表 #7）。
 
+use unlucky_i18n::catalog::Key;
+use unlucky_i18n::Lang;
 use unlucky_presenter::prefs::BgFill;
 
 /// 暗化上限（core 的 `BG_DIM_MAX` = 0.95，经 `unlucky_presenter::prefs` 重导出；这里只给 f32 形态）。
@@ -63,7 +65,7 @@ pub const TILE_SCALE_STEP: f32 = 1.15;
 /// 会退化成「留缝」，正是 r1 的 P2-1。真实图片不会走到这个上限。
 pub const MAX_TILE_SCALE: f32 = 1024.0;
 
-/// 解码失败的原因（人话在 [`LoadError::describe`]）。
+/// 解码失败的原因（人话在 [`LoadError::note`]）。
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum LoadError {
     /// 读文件失败：不存在 / 没权限 / 被占用。
@@ -79,17 +81,76 @@ pub enum LoadError {
     },
 }
 
-impl LoadError {
-    /// 可读诊断（设置页提示行与日志共用同一句）。
+/// 一条**可翻译**诊断：`key` + 已经格式化好的参数（模板里只有 `{name}`，见 [`Key`]）。
+///
+/// 为什么不是 `String`：文案表在金表里（M180 `I18NAPPEAR`），本模块只给「哪条 key + 哪些值」。
+/// 数字在这一层就格式化好（`{:.2}` / `{:?}` 这些格式说明词表不支持）。
+///
+/// 为什么 `types` 是 `String` 而不是 `&'static str`：`Io(reason)` / `Undecodable(reason)` 的原因来自
+/// 磁盘与解码库（运行时字符串），只能持有。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Note {
+    key: Key,
+    args: Vec<(&'static str, String)>,
+}
+
+impl Note {
+    /// 组装一条（参数名必须与译文里的 `{name}` 逐字相同）。
+    fn new(key: Key, args: Vec<(&'static str, String)>) -> Self {
+        Self { key, args }
+    }
+
+    /// 这条诊断是哪条文案。
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn describe(&self) -> String {
+    pub fn key(&self) -> Key {
+        self.key
+    }
+
+    /// 参数（名 → 已成形的值）。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn args(&self) -> Vec<(&str, &str)> {
+        self.args
+            .iter()
+            .map(|(name, value)| (*name, value.as_str()))
+            .collect()
+    }
+
+    /// 按语言取整句（`{name}` 全替换；缺参时占位符原样留着，见 [`unlucky_i18n::catalog::Catalog::render`]）。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn render(&self, lang: Lang) -> String {
+        lang.catalog().render(self.key, &self.args())
+    }
+
+    /// 英文基线里有没有这个子串。
+    ///
+    /// 给**跨 mission 的既有断言**用（`app/tests/appearance.rs` 查「诊断里有没有说出原因」），
+    /// 那条断言不在本 mission 的 scope 里、不能改成按 key 断言。UI 一律走 [`Self::render`]。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn contains(&self, needle: &str) -> bool {
+        self.render(Lang::En).contains(needle)
+    }
+}
+
+impl LoadError {
+    /// 可翻译诊断（设置页提示行与日志共用同一条 key）。
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn note(&self) -> Note {
         match self {
-            Self::Io(reason) => format!("Background image could not be read: {reason}"),
-            Self::Undecodable(reason) => format!(
-                "Background image could not be decoded ({reason}; this build decodes PNG, JPEG and BMP)"
+            Self::Io(reason) => Note::new(
+                Key::SettingsAppearanceBgReadFailed,
+                vec![("reason", reason.clone())],
             ),
-            Self::TooLarge { width, height } => format!(
-                "Background image is too large to decode: {width}×{height} (limit {MAX_SOURCE_EDGE} px per edge)"
+            Self::Undecodable(reason) => Note::new(
+                Key::SettingsAppearanceBgDecodeFailed,
+                vec![("reason", reason.clone())],
+            ),
+            Self::TooLarge { width, height } => Note::new(
+                Key::SettingsAppearanceBgTooLarge,
+                vec![
+                    ("width", width.to_string()),
+                    ("height", height.to_string()),
+                    ("limit", MAX_SOURCE_EDGE.to_string()),
+                ],
             ),
         }
     }
@@ -193,7 +254,7 @@ fn header_size(bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<(u32, u32), LoadError> {
 /// 判据只看图片本身（短边 < [`SMALL_TILE_EDGE`]）——视口尺寸在渲染层才知道，而这里要的是
 /// 「这张图小到要放大」这个与视口无关的事实。`scale` 条数上限由 [`tiles`] 保证覆盖 ≥ 视口。
 #[must_use]
-pub fn small_tile_note(image: &Image, fill: BgFill) -> Option<String> {
+pub fn small_tile_note(image: &Image, fill: BgFill) -> Option<Note> {
     if !matches!(fill, BgFill::Tile) {
         return None;
     }
@@ -201,9 +262,13 @@ pub fn small_tile_note(image: &Image, fill: BgFill) -> Option<String> {
     if width.min(height) >= SMALL_TILE_EDGE {
         return None;
     }
-    Some(format!(
-        "Small image ({}×{}): tiles are scaled up so the window stays covered (max {MAX_TILES} tiles, no gaps).",
-        image.source.0, image.source.1
+    Some(Note::new(
+        Key::SettingsAppearanceBgSmallTile,
+        vec![
+            ("width", image.source.0.to_string()),
+            ("height", image.source.1.to_string()),
+            ("max", MAX_TILES.to_string()),
+        ],
     ))
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/background/tests.rs b/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/background/tests.rs
index 4e69b88..b455372 100644
--- a/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/background/tests.rs
+++ b/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/background/tests.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 
 use super::{dim_alpha, load, small_tile_note, tiles, LoadError, BG_DIM_MAX, MAX_TILES};
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use unlucky_i18n::catalog::Key;
+use unlucky_i18n::Lang;
 use unlucky_presenter::prefs::BgFill;
 
 fn temp_file(label: &str, name: &str) -> PathBuf {
@@ -66,19 +68,28 @@ fn a_real_jpeg_decodes_too() {
 #[test]
 fn a_missing_or_broken_file_reports_a_readable_reason() {
     // 抓得住：①路径不存在 → Io；②文件存在但不是图片 → Undecodable；③空路径 → Io。
-    // 都必须是 Err（不许静默回默认色），且 describe() 是人话。
+    // 都必须是 Err（不许静默回默认色），且 note() 给出**哪条 key + 哪些参数**（句子在词表里）。
     // 抓不住：webp/tiff 这类没开编码器的格式具体报什么字符串（只钉分类，不钉解码库原文）。
     let missing = temp_file("missing", "bg.png");
     let error = load(missing.to_str().unwrap()).expect_err("不存在的路径必须报错");
     assert!(matches!(error, LoadError::Io(_)), "实际 {error:?}");
-    assert!(error
-        .describe()
-        .starts_with("Background image could not be read"));
+    let note = error.note();
+    assert_eq!(note.key(), Key::SettingsAppearanceBgReadFailed);
+    assert!(
+        note.contains("could not be read"),
+        "英文基线要说出「读不出来」：{}",
+        note.render(Lang::En)
+    );
 
     let broken = temp_file("broken", "bg.png");
     std::fs::write(&broken, b"this is not an image").expect("写坏文件");
     let error = load(broken.to_str().unwrap()).expect_err("非图片必须报错");
     assert!(matches!(error, LoadError::Undecodable(_)), "实际 {error:?}");
+    assert_eq!(
+        error.note().key(),
+        Key::SettingsAppearanceBgDecodeFailed,
+        "解不开与读不出来必须是两条 key（措辞与修法都不同）"
+    );
     cleanup(&broken);
 
     let empty = load("   ").expect_err("空路径必须报错");
@@ -168,10 +179,21 @@ fn an_over_sized_image_reports_too_large_instead_of_trying_to_decode() {
         ),
         "实际 {error:?}"
     );
+    let note = error.note();
+    assert_eq!(note.key(), Key::SettingsAppearanceBgTooLarge);
     assert!(
-        error.describe().contains("too large"),
-        "提示要人话：{}",
-        error.describe()
+        note.contains("too large"),
+        "英文基线要说出「太大」：{}",
+        note.render(Lang::En)
+    );
+    let args = note.args();
+    assert!(
+        args.contains(&("width", "9000")) && args.contains(&("height", "4")),
+        "宽高要作为参数传进去（不是写进译文）：{args:?}"
+    );
+    assert!(
+        args.contains(&("limit", "8192")),
+        "上限走占位符而不是写进译文：{args:?}"
     );
     // 上限不许再放宽（r1 的 16384 等于允许 1 GB 的中间缓冲）：常量级约束放在测试里钉。
     const _: () = assert!(super::MAX_SOURCE_EDGE <= 8_192);
@@ -187,8 +209,21 @@ fn an_over_sized_image_reports_too_large_instead_of_trying_to_decode() {
 fn small_images_get_a_tile_diagnostic_instead_of_silently_degrading() {
     let small = super::Image::from_rgba((32, 32), 4, 4, vec![0; 64]);
     let note = small_tile_note(&small, BgFill::Tile).expect("小图 tile 必须有提示");
-    assert!(note.contains("32×32"), "{note}");
-    assert!(note.contains("scaled up"), "{note}");
+    assert_eq!(note.key(), Key::SettingsAppearanceBgSmallTile);
+    let args = note.args();
+    assert!(
+        args.contains(&("width", "32")) && args.contains(&("height", "32")),
+        "尺寸作为参数：{args:?}"
+    );
+    assert!(
+        args.contains(&("max", "64")),
+        "块数上限走占位符（`MAX_TILES` 改了不该动译文）：{args:?}"
+    );
+    assert!(
+        note.render(Lang::En).contains("scaled up"),
+        "英文基线要说出「会被放大」：{}",
+        note.render(Lang::En)
+    );
 
     // 非 tile 档不提示（cover/contain 会等比铺满，不存在「小图被放大铺」这件事）。
     assert!(small_tile_note(&small, BgFill::Cover).is_none());
diff --git a/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/mod.rs b/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/mod.rs
index ccb2505..0574c8f 100644
--- a/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/mod.rs
@@ -69,6 +69,8 @@ mod picture;
 pub(crate) mod probe;
 mod section;
 mod state;
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests;
 
 /// 状态提示的 **tonal notice**（行数硬顶把 `section/` 撑开之后它仍放在模块根）。
 ///
@@ -166,56 +168,3 @@ impl Change {
         })
     }
 }
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::{Change, APPEARANCE_GROUP};
-    use unlucky_presenter::prefs::{keys, BgFill, PaletteSource};
-
-    /// 抓得住：每条改动都点名到自己那个 schema 键（写错键 = 静默写到别的配置项上）。
-    /// 抓不住：这些键是否真的在 core 的 schema 白名单里（那由 presenter/core 的测试守）。
-    #[test]
-    fn every_change_names_its_own_schema_key() {
-        assert_eq!(APPEARANCE_GROUP, 1, "左列第 1 项是 Appearance");
-        let cases = [
-            (Change::WindowOpacity(0.8), keys::WINDOW_OPACITY),
-            (Change::PanelAlpha(0.6), keys::PANEL_ALPHA),
-            (Change::BgEnabled(true), keys::BG_IMAGE_ENABLED),
-            (Change::BgImage("D:/x.png".to_owned()), keys::BG_IMAGE),
-            (Change::BgFill(BgFill::Tile), keys::BG_FILL),
-            (Change::BgDim(0.5), keys::BG_DIM),
-            (
-                Change::PaletteSource(PaletteSource::Wallpaper),
-                keys::PALETTE_SOURCE,
-            ),
-            (
-                Change::Corner(unlucky_presenter::prefs::WindowCorner::Square),
-                keys::WINDOW_CORNER,
-            ),
-        ];
-        for (change, key) in cases {
-            assert_eq!(change.key(), Some(key), "{change:?}");
-            assert!(change.value().is_some());
-        }
-        assert_eq!(Change::SelectGroup(2).key(), None, "切分组不落盘");
-        assert_eq!(Change::SelectGroup(2).value(), None);
-    }
-
-    /// 抓得住：落盘字符串必须是 schema 认识的词表（枚举档写错就整条配置读回默认值）。
-    /// 抓不住：数值是否在范围内（钳位在 core 侧，越界写入会被 schema 拒绝）。
-    #[test]
-    fn persisted_values_use_the_schema_vocabulary() {
-        assert_eq!(
-            Change::BgFill(BgFill::Contain).value().as_deref(),
-            Some("contain")
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            Change::PaletteSource(PaletteSource::BackgroundImage)
-                .value()
-                .as_deref(),
-            Some("background-image")
-        );
-        assert_eq!(Change::BgEnabled(false).value().as_deref(), Some("false"));
-        assert_eq!(Change::WindowOpacity(0.8).value().as_deref(), Some("0.8"));
-    }
-}
diff --git a/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/palette.rs b/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/palette.rs
index b611027..0543de4 100644
--- a/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/palette.rs
+++ b/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/palette.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
 //!
 //! 1. 把「没设」与「设了但坏了」**分开传**（[`Source::Absent`] vs [`Source::Undecodable`]）——
 //!    混成一个 `None` 会让设置页说错话（「没设背景图」 vs 「你那张图读不出来」）；
-//! 2. 把 `Provenance::hint_key()` 翻成一句可读提示（键 → 文案是 UI 层的活，i18n 之后再统一）。
+//! 2. 把 `Provenance::hint_key()` 翻成一条词表 key（M180：句子在 `catalog/settings/appearance.rs`，
+//!    这里只给 key——中文界面下这句提示也是中文）。
 //!
 //! ## 为什么不在这里做对比度
 //!
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@
 
 use unlucky_design::color::{Scheme, SchemeFlavor};
 use unlucky_design::palette::{resolve_source, ImageInput, Level, Provenance};
+use unlucky_i18n::catalog::Key;
 use unlucky_presenter::prefs::PaletteSource;
 
 use super::background::Image;
@@ -62,9 +64,9 @@ impl Resolved {
         self.provenance.level
     }
 
-    /// 可读提示（`None` = 一级成功、没什么可解释的）。
+    /// 提示 key（`None` = 一级成功、没什么可解释的）。
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn note(&self) -> Option<&'static str> {
+    pub fn note(&self) -> Option<Key> {
         note(&self.provenance)
     }
 }
@@ -97,43 +99,33 @@ pub fn resolve(
     Resolved { scheme, provenance }
 }
 
-/// `Provenance::hint_key()` → 一句可读提示（英文基线；i18n mission 之后走词表）。
+/// `Provenance::hint_key()` → 一条词表 key（M180：句子在 `catalog/settings/appearance.rs`）。
 ///
 /// 键的完整表在 `unlucky_design::palette::resolve::Provenance::hint_key` 的文档里；
 /// 这里只翻「本 mission 真会产生的那几个」，未识别键返回 `None` 而不是编一句话。
 #[must_use]
-pub fn note(provenance: &Provenance) -> Option<&'static str> {
+pub fn note(provenance: &Provenance) -> Option<Key> {
     Some(match provenance.hint_key()? {
-        "palette.hint.background.undecodable" => {
-            "Background image could not be read; colours fall back."
-        }
-        "palette.hint.background.too-small" => {
-            "Background image is too small to sample; colours fall back."
-        }
-        "palette.hint.background.bad-dimensions" => {
-            "Background image data looks inconsistent; colours fall back."
-        }
+        "palette.hint.background.undecodable" => Key::SettingsAppearancePaletteBgUndecodable,
+        "palette.hint.background.too-small" => Key::SettingsAppearancePaletteBgTooSmall,
+        "palette.hint.background.bad-dimensions" => Key::SettingsAppearancePaletteBgBadDimensions,
         "palette.hint.background.no-opaque-pixels" => {
-            "Background image is almost fully transparent; colours fall back."
+            Key::SettingsAppearancePaletteBgNoOpaquePixels
         }
-        "palette.hint.background.low-chroma" => {
-            "Background image is too monochrome to tint from; colours fall back."
+        "palette.hint.background.low-chroma" => Key::SettingsAppearancePaletteBgLowChroma,
+        "palette.hint.background.contrast" => Key::SettingsAppearancePaletteBgContrast,
+        "palette.hint.wallpaper.undecodable" => Key::SettingsAppearancePaletteWallpaperUndecodable,
+        "palette.hint.wallpaper.low-chroma" => Key::SettingsAppearancePaletteWallpaperLowChroma,
+        "palette.hint.wallpaper.too-small" => Key::SettingsAppearancePaletteWallpaperTooSmall,
+        "palette.hint.wallpaper.bad-dimensions" => {
+            Key::SettingsAppearancePaletteWallpaperBadDimensions
         }
-        "palette.hint.background.contrast" => {
-            "Background image colours would be unreadable; colours fall back."
-        }
-        "palette.hint.wallpaper.undecodable" => "Desktop wallpaper could not be read.",
-        "palette.hint.wallpaper.low-chroma" => "Desktop wallpaper is too monochrome to tint from.",
-        "palette.hint.wallpaper.too-small" => "Desktop wallpaper is too small to sample.",
-        "palette.hint.wallpaper.bad-dimensions" => "Desktop wallpaper data looks inconsistent.",
         "palette.hint.wallpaper.no-opaque-pixels" => {
-            "Desktop wallpaper is almost fully transparent."
+            Key::SettingsAppearancePaletteWallpaperNoOpaquePixels
         }
-        "palette.hint.wallpaper.contrast" => {
-            "Desktop wallpaper colours would be unreadable; colours fall back."
-        }
-        "palette.hint.preset.contrast" => "The built-in card needed a small contrast correction.",
-        "palette.hint.adjusted" => "A few colours were nudged for readability.",
+        "palette.hint.wallpaper.contrast" => Key::SettingsAppearancePaletteWallpaperContrast,
+        "palette.hint.preset.contrast" => Key::SettingsAppearancePalettePresetContrast,
+        "palette.hint.adjusted" => Key::SettingsAppearancePaletteAdjusted,
         _ => return None,
     })
 }
@@ -145,6 +137,7 @@ mod tests {
     use unlucky_design::color::SchemeFlavor;
     use unlucky_design::palette::wcag::check;
     use unlucky_design::palette::{Level, Outcome, Skip};
+    use unlucky_i18n::catalog::Key;
     use unlucky_presenter::prefs::PaletteSource;
 
     /// 高彩度的图（纯红）：取色一定成功。
@@ -193,7 +186,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(resolved.provenance.did_fall_back());
         assert_eq!(
             resolved.note(),
-            Some("Background image could not be read; colours fall back.")
+            Some(Key::SettingsAppearancePaletteBgUndecodable)
         );
         assert!(check(&resolved.scheme).is_clean());
     }
@@ -215,7 +208,11 @@ mod tests {
             }
             other => panic!("灰图必须被判不合格，实际 {other:?}"),
         }
-        assert!(resolved.note().unwrap().contains("monochrome"));
+        assert_eq!(
+            resolved.note(),
+            Some(Key::SettingsAppearancePaletteBgLowChroma),
+            "灰图的回落原因要指名「彩度不足」"
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
diff --git a/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/probe.rs b/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/probe.rs
index 2c340c2..b2f4774 100644
--- a/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/probe.rs
+++ b/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/probe.rs
@@ -10,8 +10,9 @@
 //! - 想走 `Widget::operate` 得自己造 `Tree` + 跑布局 + 传 `Renderer`，而单测里**没有渲染器**
 //!   （`pages/download/tests/options_screen.rs` 记的正是这条边界）。
 //!
-//! 所以取证点退到「字进树之前」那一层：`section::t` 是本分组**唯一**的取词口，它把每条译文
-//! 顺手记一份，测试再断言这批字里有没有汉字。这不是「看源码字符串」那种假守卫——它要求真的把
+//! 所以取证点退到「字进树之前」那一层：`section::t` / `section::tr` 是本分组**唯一**两个取词口，
+//! 它们把每条译文顺手记一份（M180 起分成两份：`t()` 的 `&'static str` 与 `tr()` 替换完占位符的
+//! 整句），测试再断言这批字里有没有汉字。这不是「看源码字符串」那种假守卫——它要求真的把
 //! [`crate::pages::appearance::section`] 跑一遍（并且走 `settings::view` 的语言分发），只是不画像素。
 //!
 //! ## 为什么是 thread-local
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ use std::cell::RefCell;
 
 use unlucky_i18n::catalog::Key;
 
-// 自上次 `take` 以来记录下的 `(key, 译文)`，顺序 = 取词顺序。
+// 自上次 `take` 以来记录下的 `(key, 译文)`，顺序 = 取词顺序（`t()` 取的 `&'static str`）。
 thread_local! {
     // clippy 1.99.1（= 本仓 CI 的 stable）对这条 lint **误报**：初始化器已经写成 `const { … }`
     // 它还是报「can be made const」。最小复现（clippy-driver 原地可验，无本仓任何符号）：
@@ -35,12 +36,33 @@ thread_local! {
     static TEXTS: RefCell<Vec<(Key, &'static str)>> = const { RefCell::new(Vec::new()) };
 }
 
+// 自上次 `take_rendered` 以来记录下的 `(key, 整句)`：`tr()` 那条带占位符的路径（M180 加）。
+//
+// 为什么单独一份而不是把上面那份改成 `String`：M179 的守卫
+// （`pages/settings/tests/appearance_section.rs::the_appearance_group_speaks_chinese_when_the_interface_does`）
+// 断言的是 `&'static str`，那个文件不在 M180 的 scope 里、不能跟着改签名。两份记录各自的
+// `take*` 也各自清空，互不干扰。
+thread_local! {
+    #[allow(clippy::missing_const_for_thread_local)]
+    static RENDERED: RefCell<Vec<(Key, String)>> = const { RefCell::new(Vec::new()) };
+}
+
 /// 记一条（由 [`super::section::t`] 调用；不对外）。
 pub(crate) fn record(key: Key, text: &'static str) {
     TEXTS.with(|texts| texts.borrow_mut().push((key, text)));
 }
 
+/// 记一条**替换完占位符**的整句（由 [`super::section::tr`] 调用；不对外）。
+pub(crate) fn record_rendered(key: Key, text: String) {
+    RENDERED.with(|texts| texts.borrow_mut().push((key, text)));
+}
+
 /// 取走并清空本线程记录下的取词（测试用）。
 pub(crate) fn take() -> Vec<(Key, &'static str)> {
     TEXTS.with(|texts| std::mem::take(&mut *texts.borrow_mut()))
 }
+
+/// 取走并清空本线程记录下的整句（测试用）。
+pub(crate) fn take_rendered() -> Vec<(Key, String)> {
+    RENDERED.with(|texts| std::mem::take(&mut *texts.borrow_mut()))
+}
diff --git a/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/section/bg_image.rs b/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/section/bg_image.rs
index 0c954e5..4ea9e68 100644
--- a/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/section/bg_image.rs
+++ b/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/section/bg_image.rs
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ use iced::{Element, Length};
 
 use unlucky_design::color::Role;
 use unlucky_design::spacing::Space;
+use unlucky_i18n::catalog::Key;
+use unlucky_i18n::Lang;
 use unlucky_presenter::prefs::BgFill;
 
 use crate::app::components::inputs::{slider, text_field, Field, Slider};
@@ -17,17 +19,32 @@ use crate::theme::Ui;
 use super::super::background::{self, BG_DIM_MAX};
 use super::super::state::State;
 use super::super::Change;
-use super::{choice, choice_row, label, note_line, slider_row};
+use super::{choice, choice_row, fixed2, label, note_line, slider_row, t, tr, tr_note};
 
 /// 把 ④ 开关、⑤ 路径、⑥ 诊断、⑦ 填充、⑧ 暗化按视觉顺序推进 `rows`。
-pub(super) fn push<'a>(ui: &'a Ui, state: &'a State, rows: &mut Vec<Element<'a, Message>>) {
+pub(super) fn push<'a>(
+    ui: &'a Ui,
+    state: &'a State,
+    lang: Lang,
+    rows: &mut Vec<Element<'a, Message>>,
+) {
     // ④ 背景图开关
     rows.push(choice_row(
         ui,
-        "Background image",
+        t(Key::SettingsAppearanceBackgroundImage, lang),
         vec![
-            choice(ui, "Off", !state.bg_enabled, Change::BgEnabled(false)),
-            choice(ui, "On", state.bg_enabled, Change::BgEnabled(true)),
+            choice(
+                ui,
+                t(Key::SettingsAppearanceOff, lang),
+                !state.bg_enabled,
+                Change::BgEnabled(false),
+            ),
+            choice(
+                ui,
+                t(Key::SettingsAppearanceOn, lang),
+                state.bg_enabled,
+                Change::BgEnabled(true),
+            ),
         ],
     ));
 
@@ -35,57 +52,74 @@ pub(super) fn push<'a>(ui: &'a Ui, state: &'a State, rows: &mut Vec<Element<'a,
     let path_field: Element<'a, Message> = text_field(
         ui,
         Field::new(&state.bg_path)
-            .label("Image path")
+            .label(t(Key::SettingsAppearanceImagePath, lang))
             .placeholder("D:/Pictures/background.png"),
         |value| Message::Appearance(Change::BgImage(value)),
     );
     rows.push(
-        column![label(ui, "Image path"), path_field]
-            .spacing(ui.space(Space::X1))
-            .width(Length::Fill)
-            .into(),
+        column![
+            label(ui, t(Key::SettingsAppearanceImagePath, lang)),
+            path_field
+        ]
+        .spacing(ui.space(Space::X1))
+        .width(Length::Fill)
+        .into(),
     );
 
     // ⑥ 诊断（读盘失败 / CPU 降级 / 配色回落）——**不许静默**，且必须在**首屏可见处**
     // （复审 r1 P2-3：文案落在折叠线以下等于没提示）。位置就在背景图那两行的紧下方。
     for note in state.diagnostics() {
-        rows.push(note_line(ui, note, ui.color(Role::Error)));
+        let text = tr_note(lang, note);
+        rows.push(note_line(ui, &text, ui.color(Role::Error)));
     }
-    if let Some(note) = state.backend_note() {
-        rows.push(note_line(ui, note, ui.color(Role::OnSurfaceVariant)));
+    if let Some(key) = state.backend_note() {
+        rows.push(note_line(
+            ui,
+            t(key, lang),
+            ui.color(Role::OnSurfaceVariant),
+        ));
     }
     if let Some(note) = state
         .image()
         .and_then(|image| background::small_tile_note(image, state.bg_fill))
     {
-        rows.push(note_line(ui, &note, ui.color(Role::OnSurfaceVariant)));
+        let text = tr_note(lang, &note);
+        rows.push(note_line(ui, &text, ui.color(Role::OnSurfaceVariant)));
     }
-    if let Some(note) = state.palette_note() {
-        rows.push(note_line(ui, note, ui.color(Role::OnSurfaceVariant)));
+    if let Some(key) = state.palette_note() {
+        rows.push(note_line(
+            ui,
+            t(key, lang),
+            ui.color(Role::OnSurfaceVariant),
+        ));
     }
-    let resolved = format!("Colours: {}", state.palette_level());
-    rows.push(note_line(ui, &resolved, ui.color(Role::OnSurfaceVariant)));
+    let level = tr(
+        lang,
+        Key::SettingsAppearancePaletteLevel,
+        &[("level", state.palette_level())],
+    );
+    rows.push(note_line(ui, &level, ui.color(Role::OnSurfaceVariant)));
 
     // ⑦ 填充
     rows.push(choice_row(
         ui,
-        "Fill",
+        t(Key::SettingsAppearanceBgFill, lang),
         vec![
             choice(
                 ui,
-                "Cover",
+                t(Key::SettingsAppearanceBgFillCover, lang),
                 state.bg_fill == BgFill::Cover,
                 Change::BgFill(BgFill::Cover),
             ),
             choice(
                 ui,
-                "Contain",
+                t(Key::SettingsAppearanceBgFillContain, lang),
                 state.bg_fill == BgFill::Contain,
                 Change::BgFill(BgFill::Contain),
             ),
             choice(
                 ui,
-                "Tile",
+                t(Key::SettingsAppearanceBgFillTile, lang),
                 state.bg_fill == BgFill::Tile,
                 Change::BgFill(BgFill::Tile),
             ),
@@ -95,10 +129,12 @@ pub(super) fn push<'a>(ui: &'a Ui, state: &'a State, rows: &mut Vec<Element<'a,
     // ⑧ 暗化
     rows.push(slider_row(
         ui,
-        "Dim",
+        t(Key::SettingsAppearanceBgDim, lang),
         format!("{:.0}%", state.bg_dim * 100.0),
-        format!(
-            "Blends the image toward the panel colour so text stays readable. Max {BG_DIM_MAX:.2}."
+        tr(
+            lang,
+            Key::SettingsAppearanceBgDimHint,
+            &[("max", &fixed2(BG_DIM_MAX))],
         ),
         state.bg_dim > 0.0,
         slider(
diff --git a/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/section/colour_source.rs b/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/section/colour_source.rs
index e79a2b9..8b9c85f 100644
--- a/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/section/colour_source.rs
+++ b/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/section/colour_source.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 //! 外观分组第 ⑨ 段：**配色来源**（背景图 / 壁纸 / 色卡三档；它选的正是 D38 三级优先序的起点）。
 
 use iced::Element;
-
+use unlucky_i18n::catalog::Key;
+use unlucky_i18n::Lang;
 use unlucky_presenter::prefs::PaletteSource;
 
 use crate::pages::Message;
@@ -9,30 +10,35 @@ use crate::theme::Ui;
 
 use super::super::state::State;
 use super::super::Change;
-use super::{choice, choice_row};
+use super::{choice, choice_row, t};
 
 /// 把 ⑨ 配色来源推进行 `rows`。
-pub(super) fn push<'a>(ui: &'a Ui, state: &'a State, rows: &mut Vec<Element<'a, Message>>) {
+pub(super) fn push<'a>(
+    ui: &'a Ui,
+    state: &'a State,
+    lang: Lang,
+    rows: &mut Vec<Element<'a, Message>>,
+) {
     // ⑨ 配色来源
     rows.push(choice_row(
         ui,
-        "Colour source",
+        t(Key::SettingsAppearancePaletteSource, lang),
         vec![
             choice(
                 ui,
-                "Background",
+                t(Key::SettingsAppearancePaletteBackground, lang),
                 state.palette_source == PaletteSource::BackgroundImage,
                 Change::PaletteSource(PaletteSource::BackgroundImage),
             ),
             choice(
                 ui,
-                "Wallpaper",
+                t(Key::SettingsAppearancePaletteWallpaper, lang),
                 state.palette_source == PaletteSource::Wallpaper,
                 Change::PaletteSource(PaletteSource::Wallpaper),
             ),
             choice(
                 ui,
-                "Preset",
+                t(Key::SettingsAppearancePalettePreset, lang),
                 state.palette_source == PaletteSource::Preset,
                 Change::PaletteSource(PaletteSource::Preset),
             ),
diff --git a/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/section/mod.rs b/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/section/mod.rs
index e6aa711..e6b7367 100644
--- a/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/section/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/section/mod.rs
@@ -35,12 +35,14 @@
 //! 4. 唯一一处非 `Element` 实参：`rows.push(column![…])` → 末尾加 `.into()`（`Vec::push` 不做 `Into`）；
 //! 5. rustfmt 因为多出来的 `, lang` 把两处调用换成了多行。
 //!
-//! ## 语言（M179 只接管子，不补文案）
+//! ## 语言（M179 接过管子，M180 补齐文案）
 //!
-//! [`t`] 是**唯一**取词口，现在收 `lang`（真值从 `settings::view` 的 `Language.effective`
-//! → `Group.body` → [`section`] 一路递进来），所以中文界面上走词表的那 5 处（窗口圆角一行、
-//! 两个选项、说明段、notice）真的是中文。**其余文案仍是英文基线**（字面量，没有 key）——
-//! 补文案是下一条 mission，M179 只负责让「管子」通到这一层。
+//! [`t`] / [`tr`] 是**唯一**两个取词口（一个拿 `&'static str`、一个拿带占位符的 owned 句子），
+//! `lang` 从 `settings::view` 的 `Language.effective` → `Group.body` → [`section`] 一路递进来。
+//! M179 只把管子接通（当时本组 27 条文案里真正本地化的只有圆角那 5 条）；M180 `I18NAPPEAR` 把
+//! 剩下 22 条字面量与 `state.rs` / `background.rs` / `palette.rs` 的运行时诊断全部搬进
+//! `catalog/settings/appearance.rs`，于是中文界面上这一页**没有一句是英文**。
+
 //!
 //! ## 为什么「值」与「生效值」分开显示
 //!
@@ -80,9 +82,9 @@ pub fn section<'a>(ui: &'a Ui, state: &'a State, lang: Lang) -> Element<'a, Mess
     let mut rows: Vec<Element<'a, Message>> = Vec::new();
 
     window::push(ui, state, lang, &mut rows);
-    panel::push(ui, state, &mut rows);
-    bg_image::push(ui, state, &mut rows);
-    colour_source::push(ui, state, &mut rows);
+    panel::push(ui, state, lang, &mut rows);
+    bg_image::push(ui, state, lang, &mut rows);
+    colour_source::push(ui, state, lang, &mut rows);
 
     card(
         ui,
@@ -126,8 +128,8 @@ pub(super) fn label<'a>(ui: &'a Ui, content: &'a str) -> Element<'a, Message> {
 ///
 /// `lang` 是**这一次生效的语言**，由 [`section`] 一路递下来（M179 `I18NSEAM` 之前这里按英文目录
 /// 取词，于是中文界面上本分组的 27 条文案里真正本地化 0 条）。现在这个函数是全模块
-/// **唯一**的取词点：谁硬编码英文，就不会经过这里——M179 报告里逐行列了那些字面量，补文案是
-/// 下一条 mission。
+/// **唯一**的取词点：谁硬编码英文，就不会经过这里——M180 `I18NAPPEAR` 已把这一页剩余的 22 处
+/// 字面量与全部运行时诊断搬进词表，见 `catalog/settings/appearance.rs` 的模块文档。
 pub(super) fn t(key: Key, lang: Lang) -> &'static str {
     let text = lang.catalog().text(key);
     // 测试专用：把「这一帧真的取了哪条译文」记一份（iced 0.14 的 `Element` 没有可遍历控件树的
@@ -137,6 +139,28 @@ pub(super) fn t(key: Key, lang: Lang) -> &'static str {
     text
 }
 
+/// 带占位符的句子（`{name}` 替换后的 owned 版本）。
+///
+/// 为什么不直接 `lang.catalog().render(...)`：这条路径也要进 [`t`] 那份取证记录
+/// （`probe::record_rendered`），否则「中文界面下这一页每一句都不是纯 ASCII」的守卫会漏掉所有
+/// 带数字的说明句。数值参数由调用方先格式化好（词表只认 `{name}`，不认 `{:.2}`）。
+pub(super) fn tr(lang: Lang, key: Key, args: &[(&str, &str)]) -> String {
+    let text = lang.catalog().render(key, args);
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    super::probe::record_rendered(key, text.clone());
+    text
+}
+
+/// 两位小数（`{:.2}` 这种格式说明由 Rust 侧做，词表里只留 `{name}`）。
+pub(super) fn fixed2(value: f32) -> String {
+    format!("{value:.2}")
+}
+
+/// 一条 [`Note`]（key + 已格式化的参数）按语言取整句；与 [`tr`] 共用取证口。
+pub(super) fn tr_note(lang: Lang, note: &super::background::Note) -> String {
+    tr(lang, note.key(), &note.args())
+}
+
 pub(super) fn note_line<'a>(ui: &'a Ui, content: &str, color: Color) -> Element<'a, Message> {
     // 诊断文案是**运行时拼出来的**（路径、错误原因），只能走 owned 版本。
     frame::text_role_owned(ui, TypeRole::BodySmall, false, content.to_owned(), color)
diff --git a/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/section/panel.rs b/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/section/panel.rs
index 58661ba..665d711 100644
--- a/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/section/panel.rs
+++ b/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/section/panel.rs
@@ -2,28 +2,45 @@
 
 use iced::Element;
 
+use unlucky_i18n::catalog::Key;
+use unlucky_i18n::Lang;
+
 use crate::app::components::inputs::{slider, Slider};
 use crate::pages::Message;
 use crate::theme::Ui;
 
-use super::super::alpha::{panel_alpha_from_fraction, panel_fraction};
+use super::super::alpha::{panel_alpha_from_fraction, panel_fraction, PANEL_ALPHA_FLOOR};
 use super::super::state::State;
 use super::super::Change;
-use super::slider_row;
+use super::{fixed2, slider_row, t, tr};
 
 /// 把 ③ 面板透明度推进 `rows`。
-pub(super) fn push<'a>(ui: &'a Ui, state: &'a State, rows: &mut Vec<Element<'a, Message>>) {
+pub(super) fn push<'a>(
+    ui: &'a Ui,
+    state: &'a State,
+    lang: Lang,
+    rows: &mut Vec<Element<'a, Message>>,
+) {
     // ③ 面板透明度（CPU 档强制 1.0）
     let forced = state.panel_is_forced();
     let panel_percent = if forced {
-        format!("100% (forced from {:.2})", state.panel_alpha)
+        // 数值占位：`{requested}` 是请求值（词表不认 `{:.2}`，所以在这里先格式化成两位小数）。
+        tr(
+            lang,
+            Key::SettingsAppearancePanelOpacityForcedValue,
+            &[("requested", &fixed2(state.panel_alpha))],
+        )
     } else {
         format!("{:.0}%", state.effective_panel_alpha() * 100.0)
     };
     let panel_hint = if forced {
-        "Software renderer: panels stay fully opaque (window transparency still works)."
+        t(Key::SettingsAppearancePanelOpacityForcedHint, lang).to_owned()
     } else {
-        "Only the panel/card layer. Floor 0.40; independent of window transparency."
+        tr(
+            lang,
+            Key::SettingsAppearancePanelOpacityHint,
+            &[("floor", &fixed2(PANEL_ALPHA_FLOOR))],
+        )
     };
     let panel_control = if forced {
         slider(Slider::new(ui, panel_fraction(1.0)))
@@ -36,9 +53,9 @@ pub(super) fn push<'a>(ui: &'a Ui, state: &'a State, rows: &mut Vec<Element<'a,
     };
     rows.push(slider_row(
         ui,
-        "Panel transparency",
+        t(Key::SettingsAppearancePanelOpacity, lang),
         panel_percent,
-        panel_hint.to_owned(),
+        panel_hint,
         !forced,
         panel_control,
     ));
diff --git a/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/section/window.rs b/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/section/window.rs
index 3cd9399..ff2ce98 100644
--- a/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/section/window.rs
+++ b/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/section/window.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use crate::theme::Ui;
 use super::super::alpha::{window_alpha_from_fraction, window_fraction, WINDOW_ALPHA_FLOOR};
 use super::super::state::State;
 use super::super::Change;
-use super::{choice, choice_row, note_line, slider_row, t};
+use super::{choice, choice_row, fixed2, note_line, slider_row, t, tr};
 
 /// 把 ① 整窗透明度与 ② 窗口圆角按视觉顺序推进 `rows`。
 pub(super) fn push<'a>(
@@ -33,11 +33,12 @@ pub(super) fn push<'a>(
     let window_percent = format!("{:.0}%", state.window_opacity * 100.0);
     rows.push(slider_row(
         ui,
-        "Window transparency",
+        t(Key::SettingsAppearanceWindowOpacity, lang),
         window_percent,
-        format!(
-            "Applies to the whole window. Floor {:.2}; 1.00 = fully opaque.",
-            WINDOW_ALPHA_FLOOR
+        tr(
+            lang,
+            Key::SettingsAppearanceWindowOpacityHint,
+            &[("floor", &fixed2(WINDOW_ALPHA_FLOOR))],
         ),
         state.window_opacity < 1.0,
         slider(
diff --git a/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/state.rs b/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/state.rs
index e1868bf..354b3b9 100644
--- a/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/state.rs
+++ b/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/state.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 //! 变成一条**可读诊断**而不是一个 `unwrap`。
 
 use unlucky_design::color::{Scheme, SchemeFlavor};
+use unlucky_i18n::catalog::Key;
 use unlucky_presenter::prefs::{
     AppearanceBase, AppearancePrefs, BgFill, PaletteSource, WindowCorner,
 };
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ use unlucky_presenter::prefs::{
 use crate::Backend;
 
 use super::alpha::{self, effective_glass, effective_panel_alpha, panel_is_forced_opaque};
-use super::background::{self, Image};
+use super::background::{self, Image, Note};
 use super::palette::{self, Resolved, Source};
 
 /// 取证开关的环境变量名（截图矩阵与真机日志用；生产默认全部不设）。
@@ -67,8 +68,8 @@ pub struct State {
     pub selected_group: usize,
     /// 已解码的背景图（`None` = 没设 / 读失败）。
     image: Option<Image>,
-    /// 读盘/解码失败的**可读诊断**（按发生顺序追加）。
-    diagnostics: Vec<String>,
+    /// 读盘/解码失败的**可读诊断**（按发生顺序追加；`Note` = key + 参数，句子在词表里）。
+    diagnostics: Vec<Note>,
     /// 上一次的配色解析结果。
     resolved: Option<Resolved>,
     /// 当前深浅（配色解析的输入）。
@@ -196,24 +197,24 @@ impl State {
         Some(&resolved.scheme)
     }
 
-    /// 读盘/解码失败的诊断（设置页逐条显示）。
+    /// 读盘/解码失败的诊断（设置页逐条显示；一条 = 一条 key + 它的参数）。
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn diagnostics(&self) -> &[String] {
+    pub fn diagnostics(&self) -> &[Note] {
         &self.diagnostics
     }
 
-    /// CPU 档降级的说明（`None` = 没有降级）。
+    /// CPU 档降级的说明 key（`None` = 没有降级）。
+    ///
+    /// M180：返回 key 而不是英文句子——本文件已 390 行、贴着 400 行硬线，**不放文案表**。
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn backend_note(&self) -> Option<&'static str> {
-        self.panel_is_forced().then_some(
-            "Software renderer: panel transparency and glass stay fully opaque (window \
-             transparency still works).",
-        )
+    pub fn backend_note(&self) -> Option<Key> {
+        self.panel_is_forced()
+            .then_some(Key::SettingsAppearanceSoftwareRendererNote)
     }
 
-    /// 配色来源的提示（`None` = 一级成功）。
+    /// 配色来源的提示 key（`None` = 一级成功）。
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn palette_note(&self) -> Option<&'static str> {
+    pub fn palette_note(&self) -> Option<Key> {
         self.resolved.as_ref()?.note()
     }
 
@@ -362,7 +363,7 @@ impl State {
         }
         match background::load(trimmed) {
             Ok(image) => self.image = Some(image),
-            Err(error) => self.diagnostics.push(error.describe()),
+            Err(error) => self.diagnostics.push(error.note()),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/tests.rs b/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/tests.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b57dceb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/app-iced/src/pages/appearance/tests.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+//! `pages::appearance` 的单测：`Change` 的落盘映射（M93）+ **中文界面文案的取证守卫**（M180）。
+//!
+//! 为什么是独立文件：`mod.rs` 已经 220 行上下，而 M180 要在模块里加三条取证用例。搬移口径与
+//! `background/tests.rs` 一致——既有两条用例**一字未动**，只是从 `mod.rs` 的行内 `mod tests` 挪到这里。
+//!
+//! ## M180 的两条取证守卫，它们「抓得住什么」
+//!
+//! iced 0.14 没有可遍历控件树的公开接口（见 [`super::probe`] 的模块文档），所以取证点只能是
+//! 取词口 `section::t` / `section::tr`。于是这一对守卫分工如下：
+//!
+//! | 守卫 | 抓得住 | 抓不住 |
+//! |---|---|---|
+//! | [`the_appearance_card_speaks_chinese`] | 中文界面下取到的每一条文案都是纯 ASCII（= 有人把某条 key 的英文写回中文表 / 中文表里放英文原句） | 硬编码字面量（它压根不过取词口） |
+//! | [`every_appearance_card_key_is_drawn`] | 某一处控件被改回**写死英文**：那条 key 不再被取，集合里就少一个元素 | 新加一条字面量（新 key 还没有，集合不看它） |
+//!
+//! 两条合起来才等于「中文界面下外观卡片里不再出现英文字面量」——单看任一条都有一个真会发生的
+//! 漏网口，所以这里刻意写两条。
+
+use super::{Change, APPEARANCE_GROUP};
+use unlucky_i18n::catalog::Key;
+use unlucky_i18n::Lang;
+use unlucky_presenter::prefs::{keys, BgFill, PaletteSource};
+
+/// 抓得住：每条改动都点名到自己那个 schema 键（写错键 = 静默写到别的配置项上）。
+/// 抓不住：这些键是否真的在 core 的 schema 白名单里（那由 presenter/core 的测试守）。
+#[test]
+fn every_change_names_its_own_schema_key() {
+    assert_eq!(APPEARANCE_GROUP, 1, "左列第 1 项是 Appearance");
+    let cases = [
+        (Change::WindowOpacity(0.8), keys::WINDOW_OPACITY),
+        (Change::PanelAlpha(0.6), keys::PANEL_ALPHA),
+        (Change::BgEnabled(true), keys::BG_IMAGE_ENABLED),
+        (Change::BgImage("D:/x.png".to_owned()), keys::BG_IMAGE),
+        (Change::BgFill(BgFill::Tile), keys::BG_FILL),
+        (Change::BgDim(0.5), keys::BG_DIM),
+        (
+            Change::PaletteSource(PaletteSource::Wallpaper),
+            keys::PALETTE_SOURCE,
+        ),
+        (
+            Change::Corner(unlucky_presenter::prefs::WindowCorner::Square),
+            keys::WINDOW_CORNER,
+        ),
+    ];
+    for (change, key) in cases {
+        assert_eq!(change.key(), Some(key), "{change:?}");
+        assert!(change.value().is_some());
+    }
+    assert_eq!(Change::SelectGroup(2).key(), None, "切分组不落盘");
+    assert_eq!(Change::SelectGroup(2).value(), None);
+}
+
+/// 抓得住：落盘字符串必须是 schema 认识的词表（枚举档写错就整条配置读回默认值）。
+/// 抓不住：数值是否在范围内（钳位在 core 侧，越界写入会被 schema 拒绝）。
+#[test]
+fn persisted_values_use_the_schema_vocabulary() {
+    assert_eq!(
+        Change::BgFill(BgFill::Contain).value().as_deref(),
+        Some("contain")
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        Change::PaletteSource(PaletteSource::BackgroundImage)
+            .value()
+            .as_deref(),
+        Some("background-image")
+    );
+    assert_eq!(Change::BgEnabled(false).value().as_deref(), Some("false"));
+    assert_eq!(Change::WindowOpacity(0.8).value().as_deref(), Some("0.8"));
+}
+
+// --------------------------------------------------------------- 文案（M180 I18NAPPEAR）
+
+/// 画一帧外观卡片，取走这一帧从词表取到的**全部**字：`(key, 文案)`。
+///
+/// 三档状态各画一帧：
+/// - [`Case::Factory`]：auto 档、没设背景图——覆盖常驻的标签 / 选项 / 说明；
+/// - [`Case::Cpu`]：CPU 档——覆盖「强制 100%」那一行与软件渲染说明（这两条只在降级态出现）；
+/// - [`Case::Dim`]：整窗 α 调低——覆盖「圆角暂时不生效」那条 notice。
+///
+/// 两条取词路径都要收：`t()` 的 `&'static str` 与 `tr()` 替换完占位符的整句（后者不进前者的记录）。
+fn appearance_texts(lang: Lang, case: Case) -> Vec<(Key, String)> {
+    use unlucky_design::color::SchemeFlavor;
+    use unlucky_presenter::prefs::{AppearanceBase, AppearancePrefs};
+
+    use super::probe;
+    use crate::cli::Backend;
+    use crate::theme::{Families, Ui};
+
+    const FAMILIES: Families = Families {
+        text: "Segoe UI",
+        display: "Segoe UI",
+        mono: "Consolas",
+    };
+
+    let (backend, alpha) = match case {
+        Case::Factory => (Backend::Auto, 1.0),
+        Case::Cpu => (Backend::Cpu, 1.0),
+        Case::Dim => (Backend::Gpu, 0.5),
+    };
+    let mut state = super::State::new(
+        &AppearancePrefs::factory(),
+        &AppearanceBase::factory(),
+        backend,
+        SchemeFlavor::Light,
+    );
+    if alpha < 1.0 {
+        state.apply(Change::WindowOpacity(alpha));
+    }
+
+    let ui = Ui::new(SchemeFlavor::Light, FAMILIES);
+    // 前面几条用例可能留了记录：本线程的取证每次都从清空开始。
+    probe::take();
+    probe::take_rendered();
+
+    let _tree = super::section(&ui, &state, lang);
+
+    let mut texts: Vec<(Key, String)> = probe::take()
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|(key, text)| (key, text.to_owned()))
+        .collect();
+    texts.extend(probe::take_rendered());
+    texts
+}
+
+/// 画哪一档状态。
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+enum Case {
+    /// 工厂态（GPU / auto）。
+    Factory,
+    /// CPU 降级态（面板 α 与玻璃被强制）。
+    Cpu,
+    /// 整窗 α 调低（圆角暂时不生效）。
+    Dim,
+}
+
+/// 这一页**常驻**的 key（三档状态合起来必须一个不缺地取到）。
+///
+/// 为什么是手写清单而不是「`Key::ALL` 里所有 `SettingsAppearance*`」：诊断一族（读盘失败 / 配色回落 /
+/// 小图平铺）取决于运行时状态，单测里要让它们出现得造磁盘上的坏图；那些由
+/// `background/tests.rs` 与 `palette.rs` 的单测按 key 逐条钉（见各自的用例注释）。
+const CARD_KEYS: &[Key] = &[
+    Key::SettingsAppearanceCorner,
+    Key::SettingsAppearanceCornerSystem,
+    Key::SettingsAppearanceCornerSquare,
+    Key::SettingsAppearanceCornerHint,
+    Key::SettingsAppearanceCornerSuspended,
+    Key::SettingsAppearanceWindowOpacity,
+    Key::SettingsAppearanceWindowOpacityHint,
+    Key::SettingsAppearancePanelOpacity,
+    Key::SettingsAppearancePanelOpacityHint,
+    Key::SettingsAppearancePanelOpacityForcedValue,
+    Key::SettingsAppearancePanelOpacityForcedHint,
+    Key::SettingsAppearanceSoftwareRendererNote,
+    Key::SettingsAppearanceBackgroundImage,
+    Key::SettingsAppearanceOff,
+    Key::SettingsAppearanceOn,
+    Key::SettingsAppearanceImagePath,
+    Key::SettingsAppearancePaletteLevel,
+    Key::SettingsAppearanceBgFill,
+    Key::SettingsAppearanceBgFillCover,
+    Key::SettingsAppearanceBgFillContain,
+    Key::SettingsAppearanceBgFillTile,
+    Key::SettingsAppearanceBgDim,
+    Key::SettingsAppearanceBgDimHint,
+    Key::SettingsAppearancePaletteSource,
+    Key::SettingsAppearancePaletteBackground,
+    Key::SettingsAppearancePaletteWallpaper,
+    Key::SettingsAppearancePalettePreset,
+];
+
+/// **M180 守门 ①**：中文界面下，外观卡片里取到的每一条文案都不是纯 ASCII。
+///
+/// 抓得住：某条 key 的中文译文被换成英文原句（中文表里出现纯 ASCII 的一句）；中文译文写成
+/// `PNG` / `Preset` 这种专名；`tr()` 那条路径把数字拼进英文模板（比如 `Colours: preset`）。
+/// 抓不住：硬编码字面量——它不过取词口，由 [`every_appearance_card_key_is_drawn`] 与
+/// `catalog/settings/appearance.rs` 的译文守卫合力守。
+///
+/// 变异证明：把 `SettingsAppearanceOff` 的中文改成 `"Off"` ⇒ 本条立刻红。
+#[test]
+fn the_appearance_card_speaks_chinese() {
+    // 白名单：技术专名允许是纯 ASCII（现在一条都没有——`%` / 数字不在文案里，它们是参数）。
+    const ASCII_OK: &[&str] = &[];
+
+    for case in [Case::Factory, Case::Cpu, Case::Dim] {
+        let pairs = appearance_texts(Lang::ZhCn, case);
+        assert!(
+            pairs.len() >= 20,
+            "{case:?}：取词口只记到 {} 条文案，渲染路径没走到底（语言管子断了？）",
+            pairs.len()
+        );
+        for (key, text) in &pairs {
+            if ASCII_OK.contains(&text.as_str()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            assert!(
+                !text.is_ascii(),
+                "{case:?}：中文界面下外观卡片里出现了纯 ASCII 的文案「{text}」（{}）\
+                 ——写死英文，或中文表里放了英文原句",
+                key.name()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// **M180 守门 ②（漏项）**：这一页每一处控件都必须从词表取词。
+///
+/// 抓得住：把某处 `t(Key::X, lang)` / `tr(lang, Key::X, …)` 改回写死的英文字面量——那条 key 不再
+/// 出现在取词记录里，集合比较当场红（这正是 M172 口径「22 处硬编码」的复发形态）。
+/// 抓不住：新加一条写死英文（它没有 key，也就没有「少了哪条」）。
+///
+/// 变异证明：把 `bg_image.rs` 里 `t(Key::SettingsAppearanceOff, lang)` 换回 `"Off"` ⇒ 本条红。
+#[test]
+fn every_appearance_card_key_is_drawn() {
+    let mut seen: Vec<Key> = Vec::new();
+    for case in [Case::Factory, Case::Cpu, Case::Dim] {
+        seen.extend(
+            appearance_texts(Lang::ZhCn, case)
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|(key, _)| key),
+        );
+    }
+
+    let missing: Vec<&str> = CARD_KEYS
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|key| !seen.contains(key))
+        .map(|key| key.name())
+        .collect();
+    assert!(
+        missing.is_empty(),
+        "这些 key 一帧都没取到（控件被改回写死英文，或整段没画）：{missing:?}"
+    );
+}
+
+/// 英文界面下不许出现汉字（否则「含汉字」可能来自写死的中文，而不是词表）。
+#[test]
+fn the_appearance_card_keeps_its_english_baseline() {
+    for case in [Case::Factory, Case::Cpu, Case::Dim] {
+        let texts = appearance_texts(Lang::En, case);
+        let with_han: Vec<&(Key, String)> = texts
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|(_, text)| text.chars().any(is_han))
+            .collect();
+        assert!(
+            with_han.is_empty(),
+            "{case:?}：英文界面下外观卡片出现了汉字：{with_han:?}"
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+/// 有没有汉字（与 `pages/settings/tests/appearance_section.rs` 的 `is_han` 同一段码位）。
+fn is_han(ch: char) -> bool {
+    ('\u{4e00}'..='\u{9fff}').contains(&ch)
+}
diff --git a/crates/i18n/src/catalog/golden/tail.rs b/crates/i18n/src/catalog/golden/tail.rs
index 8972de0..78f95db 100644
--- a/crates/i18n/src/catalog/golden/tail.rs
+++ b/crates/i18n/src/catalog/golden/tail.rs
@@ -29,6 +29,50 @@ pub(super) const ROWS: &[(&str, &str, &str)] = &[
     ("SettingsAppearanceCornerSquare", "Square", "直角"),
     ("SettingsAppearanceCornerHint", "On Windows 11 and Server 2025 we ask the system for rounded corners; Windows 10 keeps square corners. On macOS and Linux the desktop's own rules apply. We never draw corners ourselves.", "Windows 11 与 Windows Server 2025 上我们请求系统处理外框圆角；Windows 10 保持直角；macOS 与 Linux 交给桌面合成器自己的规则；我们不自己画圆角。"),
     ("SettingsAppearanceCornerSuspended", "Not in effect right now: window transparency is below 100%. Setting it back to 100% restores the rounded corners.", "当前因整窗透明度不生效：把整窗透明度调回 100% 圆角即恢复。"),
+    // M180：外观分组补齐（`catalog/settings/appearance.rs` 的第二批，M116 圆角那 5 条之后）。
+    // 位置就是装配链里那个域的位置——`settings_appearance_entries` 在 `settings_java_entries` 之前，
+    // 所以这 40 行必须落在 `SettingsAppearanceCornerSuspended` 与 `SettingsJavaScan` 之间
+    // （顺序 = `Key::ALL`；为排到文件尾而重排别人的族会让 `split_keeps_every_translation` 整片红）。
+    ("SettingsAppearanceWindowOpacity", "Window transparency", "整窗透明度"),
+    ("SettingsAppearanceWindowOpacityHint", "Applies to the whole window. Floor {floor}; 1.00 = fully opaque.", "作用于整个窗口。下限 {floor}；1.00 = 完全不透明。"),
+    ("SettingsAppearancePanelOpacity", "Panel transparency", "面板透明度"),
+    ("SettingsAppearancePanelOpacityHint", "Only the panel/card layer. Floor {floor}; independent of window transparency.", "只作用于面板 / 卡片这一层。下限 {floor}；与整窗透明度互不影响。"),
+    ("SettingsAppearancePanelOpacityForcedValue", "100% (forced from {requested})", "100%（强制，原请求值 {requested}）"),
+    ("SettingsAppearancePanelOpacityForcedHint", "Software renderer: panels stay fully opaque (window transparency still works).", "软件渲染：面板恒为不透明（整窗透明度仍然有效）。"),
+    ("SettingsAppearanceBackgroundImage", "Background image", "背景图"),
+    ("SettingsAppearanceOff", "Off", "关"),
+    ("SettingsAppearanceOn", "On", "开"),
+    ("SettingsAppearanceImagePath", "Image path", "图片路径"),
+    ("SettingsAppearancePaletteLevel", "Colours: {level}", "配色：{level}"),
+    ("SettingsAppearanceBgFill", "Fill", "填充方式"),
+    ("SettingsAppearanceBgFillCover", "Cover", "铺满"),
+    ("SettingsAppearanceBgFillContain", "Contain", "完整显示"),
+    ("SettingsAppearanceBgFillTile", "Tile", "平铺"),
+    ("SettingsAppearanceBgDim", "Dim", "暗化"),
+    ("SettingsAppearanceBgDimHint", "Blends the image toward the panel colour so text stays readable. Max {max}.", "把背景图往面板底色上退，让文字读得清。上限 {max}。"),
+    ("SettingsAppearancePaletteSource", "Colour source", "配色来源"),
+    ("SettingsAppearancePaletteBackground", "Background", "取自背景图"),
+    ("SettingsAppearancePaletteWallpaper", "Wallpaper", "取自壁纸"),
+    ("SettingsAppearancePalettePreset", "Preset", "内置色卡"),
+    ("SettingsAppearanceSoftwareRendererNote", "Software renderer: panel transparency and glass stay fully opaque (window transparency still works).", "软件渲染：面板透明度与玻璃效果恒为不透明（整窗透明度仍然有效）。"),
+    ("SettingsAppearanceBgReadFailed", "Background image could not be read: {reason}", "背景图读不出来：{reason}"),
+    ("SettingsAppearanceBgDecodeFailed", "Background image could not be decoded ({reason}; this build decodes PNG, JPEG and BMP)", "背景图解不开（{reason}；这个构建只支持 PNG、JPEG 与 BMP）"),
+    ("SettingsAppearanceBgTooLarge", "Background image is too large to decode: {width}×{height} (limit {limit} px per edge)", "背景图太大，解不开：{width}×{height}（每边上限 {limit} 像素）"),
+    ("SettingsAppearanceBgSmallTile", "Small image ({width}×{height}): tiles are scaled up so the window stays covered (max {max} tiles, no gaps).", "图片很小（{width}×{height}）：图块会被放大，保证窗口铺满（最多 {max} 块，不留缝）。"),
+    ("SettingsAppearancePaletteBgUndecodable", "Background image could not be read; colours fall back.", "背景图读不出来，配色回落到下一级。"),
+    ("SettingsAppearancePaletteBgTooSmall", "Background image is too small to sample; colours fall back.", "背景图太小，取不了色，配色回落到下一级。"),
+    ("SettingsAppearancePaletteBgBadDimensions", "Background image data looks inconsistent; colours fall back.", "背景图数据前后不一致，配色回落到下一级。"),
+    ("SettingsAppearancePaletteBgNoOpaquePixels", "Background image is almost fully transparent; colours fall back.", "背景图几乎全透明，配色回落到下一级。"),
+    ("SettingsAppearancePaletteBgLowChroma", "Background image is too monochrome to tint from; colours fall back.", "背景图太单调（彩度不足），取不出配色，回落到下一级。"),
+    ("SettingsAppearancePaletteBgContrast", "Background image colours would be unreadable; colours fall back.", "按背景图取的颜色读不清，配色回落到下一级。"),
+    ("SettingsAppearancePaletteWallpaperUndecodable", "Desktop wallpaper could not be read.", "桌面壁纸读不出来。"),
+    ("SettingsAppearancePaletteWallpaperTooSmall", "Desktop wallpaper is too small to sample.", "桌面壁纸太小，取不了色。"),
+    ("SettingsAppearancePaletteWallpaperBadDimensions", "Desktop wallpaper data looks inconsistent.", "桌面壁纸数据前后不一致。"),
+    ("SettingsAppearancePaletteWallpaperNoOpaquePixels", "Desktop wallpaper is almost fully transparent.", "桌面壁纸几乎全透明。"),
+    ("SettingsAppearancePaletteWallpaperLowChroma", "Desktop wallpaper is too monochrome to tint from.", "桌面壁纸太单调（彩度不足），取不出配色。"),
+    ("SettingsAppearancePaletteWallpaperContrast", "Desktop wallpaper colours would be unreadable; colours fall back.", "按桌面壁纸取的颜色读不清，配色回落到下一级。"),
+    ("SettingsAppearancePalettePresetContrast", "The built-in card needed a small contrast correction.", "内置色卡做了一点对比度修正。"),
+    ("SettingsAppearancePaletteAdjusted", "A few colours were nudged for readability.", "有几个颜色为了可读性做了微调。"),
     // M175：设置页「Java」分组（`catalog/settings/java.rs` 的 `settings_java_entries`）。
     // 位置就是装配链里那个域的位置：`settings_java_entries` 在 `settings_appearance_entries` 之后、
     // `settings_download_entries`（空）与 `settings_ai_entries`（M174）之前，所以这几行必须落在
diff --git a/crates/i18n/src/catalog/settings/appearance.rs b/crates/i18n/src/catalog/settings/appearance.rs
index 907e9a2..52cdddd 100644
--- a/crates/i18n/src/catalog/settings/appearance.rs
+++ b/crates/i18n/src/catalog/settings/appearance.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,38 @@
-//! 设置页「Appearance」分组文案（M116 首次落地：窗口圆角一档）。
+//! 设置页「Appearance」分组文案（M116 落了圆角一族；M180 `I18NAPPEAR` 补齐全组）。
 //!
 //! 加 key 时把条目写进 `$($acc)*` 后面即可（形状见 [`crate::catalog`] 的「域装配」一节）。
 //!
-//! ## 为什么只有圆角这一组的 key
+//! ## 两批 key：圆角（M116）在前，其余（M180）在后
 //!
-//! 本分组的既有控件（整窗/面板透明度、背景图、配色来源……）是 M93 落的，文案是英文基线字面量
-//! （`pages/appearance/section.rs`）。M116 新增的圆角档位**从一开始就走词表**（tower 口径：
-//! 设置项文案不许硬编码），所以这里先只有它这一组；老控件接词表归 i18n 接线 mission。
+//! M116 只落了圆角那 5 条；本分组其余控件（整窗/面板透明度、背景图、填充、暗化、配色来源）
+//! 是 M93 落的，文案一直是英文基线字面量。M172 审计量出这一页 27 处文案里 22 处硬编码、中文界面
+//! 本地化 0/27。M180 把**控件文案 + 运行时诊断 + 配色回落提示**全部搬进本文件：
+//!
+//! | 批次 | 条目 | 来源 |
+//! |---|---|---|
+//! | M116 | `Corner` … `CornerSuspended` | `pages/appearance/section/window.rs` 的圆角一段 |
+//! | M180 | `WindowOpacity` … `PaletteAdjusted` | 卡片各段标签/说明 + `state.rs` / `background.rs` / `palette.rs` 的诊断 prose |
+//!
+//! ## 为什么诊断也在这里（而不是留在 `state.rs`）
+//!
+//! `pages/appearance/state.rs` 已经 390 行、贴着 400 行硬线，放不下任何一张文案表。所以那一层只
+//! 给 **key + 已格式化好的参数**（`background::Note`），句子一律在本文件里。
+//!
+//! ## 数值参数：模板里只有 `{name}`，格式在 Rust 侧做
+//!
+//! [`crate::catalog::Catalog::render`] 只做 `{name}` → 值的字面替换，**不认** `{:.2}` 这类格式说明。
+//! 所以「位置/尺寸/上限」这些数字由调用方先 `format!("{:.2}")` 好再当参数传进来：
+//!
+//! | key | 原字面量 | 现在 |
+//! |---|---|---|
+//! | `SettingsAppearancePanelOpacityForcedValue` | `format!("100% (forced from {:.2})")` | `{requested}` = `format!("{:.2}")` |
+//! | `SettingsAppearanceWindowOpacityHint` | `Floor {:.2}` = `WINDOW_ALPHA_FLOOR` | `{floor}` |
+//! | `SettingsAppearancePanelOpacityHint` | `Floor 0.40` = `PANEL_ALPHA_FLOOR` | `{floor}` |
+//! | `SettingsAppearanceBgDimHint` | `Max 0.95` = `BG_DIM_MAX` | `{max}` |
+//! | `SettingsAppearanceBgTooLarge` | `(limit 8192 px per edge)` = `MAX_SOURCE_EDGE` | `{limit}` |
+//! | `SettingsAppearanceBgSmallTile` | `(max 64 tiles …)` = `MAX_TILES` | `{max}` |
+//!
+//! 常量走占位符而不是写进译文，是为了「改常量不用改两套译文」（M180 任务口径）。
 //!
 //! ## 文案口径（不许暗示所有平台一致）
 //!
@@ -28,8 +54,206 @@ macro_rules! settings_appearance_entries {
                 "Not in effect right now: window transparency is below 100%. Setting it back to 100% restores the rounded corners.",
                 "当前因整窗透明度不生效：把整窗透明度调回 100% 圆角即恢复。"
             ),
+            // ---- M180 `I18NAPPEAR`：卡片内文案（① 整窗 / ③ 面板 / ④~⑧ 背景图 / ⑨ 配色来源）
+            SettingsAppearanceWindowOpacity => ("Window transparency", "整窗透明度"),
+            SettingsAppearanceWindowOpacityHint => (
+                "Applies to the whole window. Floor {floor}; 1.00 = fully opaque.",
+                "作用于整个窗口。下限 {floor}；1.00 = 完全不透明。"
+            ),
+            SettingsAppearancePanelOpacity => ("Panel transparency", "面板透明度"),
+            SettingsAppearancePanelOpacityHint => (
+                "Only the panel/card layer. Floor {floor}; independent of window transparency.",
+                "只作用于面板 / 卡片这一层。下限 {floor}；与整窗透明度互不影响。"
+            ),
+            SettingsAppearancePanelOpacityForcedValue => (
+                "100% (forced from {requested})",
+                "100%（强制，原请求值 {requested}）"
+            ),
+            SettingsAppearancePanelOpacityForcedHint => (
+                "Software renderer: panels stay fully opaque (window transparency still works).",
+                "软件渲染：面板恒为不透明（整窗透明度仍然有效）。"
+            ),
+            SettingsAppearanceBackgroundImage => ("Background image", "背景图"),
+            SettingsAppearanceOff => ("Off", "关"),
+            SettingsAppearanceOn => ("On", "开"),
+            SettingsAppearanceImagePath => ("Image path", "图片路径"),
+            SettingsAppearancePaletteLevel => ("Colours: {level}", "配色：{level}"),
+            SettingsAppearanceBgFill => ("Fill", "填充方式"),
+            SettingsAppearanceBgFillCover => ("Cover", "铺满"),
+            SettingsAppearanceBgFillContain => ("Contain", "完整显示"),
+            SettingsAppearanceBgFillTile => ("Tile", "平铺"),
+            SettingsAppearanceBgDim => ("Dim", "暗化"),
+            SettingsAppearanceBgDimHint => (
+                "Blends the image toward the panel colour so text stays readable. Max {max}.",
+                "把背景图往面板底色上退，让文字读得清。上限 {max}。"
+            ),
+            SettingsAppearancePaletteSource => ("Colour source", "配色来源"),
+            SettingsAppearancePaletteBackground => ("Background", "取自背景图"),
+            SettingsAppearancePaletteWallpaper => ("Wallpaper", "取自壁纸"),
+            SettingsAppearancePalettePreset => ("Preset", "内置色卡"),
+            // ---- M180：运行时诊断（`state.rs` 的 backend_note + `background.rs` 的三种读盘失败 + 小图平铺）
+            SettingsAppearanceSoftwareRendererNote => (
+                "Software renderer: panel transparency and glass stay fully opaque (window transparency still works).",
+                "软件渲染：面板透明度与玻璃效果恒为不透明（整窗透明度仍然有效）。"
+            ),
+            SettingsAppearanceBgReadFailed => (
+                "Background image could not be read: {reason}",
+                "背景图读不出来：{reason}"
+            ),
+            SettingsAppearanceBgDecodeFailed => (
+                "Background image could not be decoded ({reason}; this build decodes PNG, JPEG and BMP)",
+                "背景图解不开（{reason}；这个构建只支持 PNG、JPEG 与 BMP）"
+            ),
+            SettingsAppearanceBgTooLarge => (
+                "Background image is too large to decode: {width}×{height} (limit {limit} px per edge)",
+                "背景图太大，解不开：{width}×{height}（每边上限 {limit} 像素）"
+            ),
+            SettingsAppearanceBgSmallTile => (
+                "Small image ({width}×{height}): tiles are scaled up so the window stays covered (max {max} tiles, no gaps).",
+                "图片很小（{width}×{height}）：图块会被放大，保证窗口铺满（最多 {max} 块，不留缝）。"
+            ),
+            // ---- M180：配色回落提示（`palette.rs` 把 design 的 `hint_key()` 翻成下面这些）
+            SettingsAppearancePaletteBgUndecodable => (
+                "Background image could not be read; colours fall back.",
+                "背景图读不出来，配色回落到下一级。"
+            ),
+            SettingsAppearancePaletteBgTooSmall => (
+                "Background image is too small to sample; colours fall back.",
+                "背景图太小，取不了色，配色回落到下一级。"
+            ),
+            SettingsAppearancePaletteBgBadDimensions => (
+                "Background image data looks inconsistent; colours fall back.",
+                "背景图数据前后不一致，配色回落到下一级。"
+            ),
+            SettingsAppearancePaletteBgNoOpaquePixels => (
+                "Background image is almost fully transparent; colours fall back.",
+                "背景图几乎全透明，配色回落到下一级。"
+            ),
+            SettingsAppearancePaletteBgLowChroma => (
+                "Background image is too monochrome to tint from; colours fall back.",
+                "背景图太单调（彩度不足），取不出配色，回落到下一级。"
+            ),
+            SettingsAppearancePaletteBgContrast => (
+                "Background image colours would be unreadable; colours fall back.",
+                "按背景图取的颜色读不清，配色回落到下一级。"
+            ),
+            SettingsAppearancePaletteWallpaperUndecodable => (
+                "Desktop wallpaper could not be read.",
+                "桌面壁纸读不出来。"
+            ),
+            SettingsAppearancePaletteWallpaperTooSmall => (
+                "Desktop wallpaper is too small to sample.",
+                "桌面壁纸太小，取不了色。"
+            ),
+            SettingsAppearancePaletteWallpaperBadDimensions => (
+                "Desktop wallpaper data looks inconsistent.",
+                "桌面壁纸数据前后不一致。"
+            ),
+            SettingsAppearancePaletteWallpaperNoOpaquePixels => (
+                "Desktop wallpaper is almost fully transparent.",
+                "桌面壁纸几乎全透明。"
+            ),
+            SettingsAppearancePaletteWallpaperLowChroma => (
+                "Desktop wallpaper is too monochrome to tint from.",
+                "桌面壁纸太单调（彩度不足），取不出配色。"
+            ),
+            SettingsAppearancePaletteWallpaperContrast => (
+                "Desktop wallpaper colours would be unreadable; colours fall back.",
+                "按桌面壁纸取的颜色读不清，配色回落到下一级。"
+            ),
+            SettingsAppearancePalettePresetContrast => (
+                "The built-in card needed a small contrast correction.",
+                "内置色卡做了一点对比度修正。"
+            ),
+            SettingsAppearancePaletteAdjusted => (
+                "A few colours were nudged for readability.",
+                "有几个颜色为了可读性做了微调。"
+            ),
         } }
     };
 }
 
 pub(crate) use settings_appearance_entries;
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use crate::catalog::{placeholders, Catalog, Key};
+    use crate::Lang;
+
+    /// 本域的 key（`Key::ALL` 里按名字前缀筛；不手工列表，漏一条就少一条守卫）。
+    fn appearance_keys() -> Vec<Key> {
+        Key::ALL
+            .iter()
+            .copied()
+            .filter(|key| key.name().starts_with("SettingsAppearance"))
+            .collect()
+    }
+
+    /// 有没有汉字（与 `pages/settings/tests/appearance_section.rs` 的 `is_han` 同一段码位）。
+    fn is_han(ch: char) -> bool {
+        ('\u{4e00}'..='\u{9fff}').contains(&ch)
+    }
+
+    /// **M180 守门 ②**：外观分组的每条 key 都必须真翻过——英文照抄进中文表就地判红。
+    ///
+    /// 抓得住：① 新加 key 时中文栏直接抄英文（`chinese_catalog_is_actually_chinese` 也抓这条，
+    /// 但那条在 `catalog/tests.rs`、不属于本 mission 的 scope，而且不查「中文字里有没有汉字」）；
+    /// ② 中文译文变成纯 ASCII（比如只写了 `PNG` / `Preset` 这种专名）；③ 占位符集合两边不一致
+    /// （`{floor}` 只在一边有 ⇒ `render()` 吐出半截句子）。
+    /// 抓不住：译文翻得对不对（语义只能人审）。
+    ///
+    /// 变异证明：把任一条的第二个字符串换成第一个（`("Cover", "Cover")`）⇒ 本条立刻红（`assert_ne!`
+    /// 与 `is_han` 命中同一行）。
+    #[test]
+    fn every_appearance_key_is_translated_into_chinese() {
+        let keys = appearance_keys();
+        assert!(
+            keys.len() >= 40,
+            "外观分组至少 40 条 key（M180 落地时是 45 条），实际 {}：\
+             key 被搬走或前缀改名了？",
+            keys.len()
+        );
+
+        let en = Catalog::of(Lang::En);
+        let zh = Catalog::of(Lang::ZhCn);
+        for key in keys {
+            let (english, chinese) = (en.text(key), zh.text(key));
+            assert_ne!(english, chinese, "{} 的中文是英文照抄", key.name());
+            assert!(
+                chinese.chars().any(is_han),
+                "{} 的中文里一个汉字都没有：{chinese}",
+                key.name()
+            );
+            let mut left = placeholders(english);
+            let mut right = placeholders(chinese);
+            left.sort_unstable();
+            right.sort_unstable();
+            assert_eq!(left, right, "{} 的占位符两套译文不一致", key.name());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 数值参数必须走占位符，不许把常量写进译文（改常量时不该还要改两套译文）。
+    #[test]
+    fn numeric_limits_are_placeholders_not_text() {
+        let en = Catalog::of(Lang::En);
+        for (key, needle, placeholder) in [
+            (Key::SettingsAppearanceWindowOpacityHint, "0.08", "floor"),
+            (Key::SettingsAppearancePanelOpacityHint, "0.40", "floor"),
+            (Key::SettingsAppearanceBgDimHint, "0.95", "max"),
+            (Key::SettingsAppearanceBgTooLarge, "8192", "limit"),
+            (Key::SettingsAppearanceBgSmallTile, "64", "max"),
+        ] {
+            let text = en.text(key);
+            assert!(
+                !text.contains(needle),
+                "{} 把常量 {needle} 写死在译文里了（应当走 {{{placeholder}}}）",
+                key.name()
+            );
+            assert!(
+                placeholders(text).contains(&placeholder),
+                "{} 缺 {{{placeholder}}} 占位符：{text}",
+                key.name()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}