diff --git a/frontend/web/src/admin/modules/Backthink.tsx b/frontend/web/src/admin/modules/Backthink.tsx
index 85c81bc..236acf7 100644
--- a/frontend/web/src/admin/modules/Backthink.tsx
+++ b/frontend/web/src/admin/modules/Backthink.tsx
@@ -10,6 +10,22 @@ import { adminBackthink } from "../../lib/api";
 import { useAsyncData } from "../../lib/useAsyncData";
 import { BACKTHINK_SESSION_ID } from "../../store/sessionCache";
 
+/** 推送路由的中文标签（后端 PushResult.Route 的取值域）。未知取值原样显示，
+ *  绝不猜一个更好听的词。 */
+const PUSH_ROUTE_LABEL: Record<string, string> = {
+  active_client: "活跃客户端",
+  im_bridge: "IM 桥",
+  rate_limited: "限频拦截",
+  none: "无投递目标",
+};
+
+/** 推送路由的色调：真的送出去了才用 ok，被限频拦住是 warn。 */
+function pushRouteTone(route: string): "ok" | "warn" | "neutral" {
+  if (route === "active_client" || route === "im_bridge") return "ok";
+  if (route === "rate_limited") return "warn";
+  return "neutral";
+}
+
 function BackthinkRow({ item }: { item: BackthinkItem }): React.ReactNode {
   const markPushed = useAppStore((s) => s.markBackthinkPushed);
   // 裁决 16.4.2：这条思考的链路图取自**后台思考会话**（`sess-backthink`，design/19 §1
@@ -26,6 +42,8 @@ function BackthinkRow({ item }: { item: BackthinkItem }): React.ReactNode {
         <span className="font-medium">{item.trigger}</span>
         <Tag tone={item.shouldNotify ? "warn" : "neutral"}>{item.shouldNotify ? "需要打扰" : "静默"}</Tag>
         <Tag tone={item.pushed ? "ok" : "neutral"}>{item.pushed ? "已推送" : "未推送"}</Tag>
+        {item.route ? <Tag tone={pushRouteTone(item.route)}>{PUSH_ROUTE_LABEL[item.route] ?? item.route}</Tag> : null}
+        {item.bypassed ? <Tag tone="accent">事件直发</Tag> : null}
         <span className="ml-auto">
           <Button size="sm" variant="ghost" disabled={item.pushed} onClick={() => markPushed(item.id)}>
             {item.pushed ? "已推送" : "推送结果"}
@@ -37,6 +55,9 @@ function BackthinkRow({ item }: { item: BackthinkItem }): React.ReactNode {
           {item.conclusion}
         </div>
       ) : null}
+      {item.detail ? (
+        <div className="text-xs text-[var(--mu-text-lo)]">推送说明：{item.detail}</div>
+      ) : null}
       <button
         className="text-xs text-[var(--mu-accent-hi)]"
         onClick={() => setOpen((v) => !v)}
@@ -117,7 +138,7 @@ export function BackthinkModule(): React.ReactNode {
         </div>
       )}
 
-      <Notice>数据源：/ws/chat 下行 backthink / thinking 事件（实时，主驱动）+ 打开时一次拉取 GET /api/v1/admin/backthink 历史，两者按 id 去重、按时间倒序，新记录增量插入（不整页重渲）。链路导图取自后台思考会话（sess-backthink）的 graph_update 快照 —— 后端完整链路图始终发布，与管理端 Flow 页的「当前会话」图相互独立（裁决 16.4.2）。干预为后端 M10+ 提供，当前为只读展示。</Notice>
+      <Notice>数据源：/ws/chat 下行 backthink / thinking 事件（实时，主驱动）+ 打开时一次拉取 GET /api/v1/admin/backthink 历史，两者按 id 去重、按时间倒序，新记录增量插入（不整页重渲）。「推送结果」的 route / detail / bypassed 由这次历史拉取带回（后端 PushResult 的如实投影）；实时帧里同一信息裹在原始 PushResult 内、前端解析器尚未读取，因此本次会话新到的行可能暂时只显示「已推送/未推送」。链路导图取自后台思考会话（sess-backthink）的 graph_update 快照 —— 后端完整链路图始终发布，与管理端 Flow 页的「当前会话」图相互独立（裁决 16.4.2）。干预为后端 M10+ 提供，当前为只读展示。</Notice>
     </div>
   );
 }
diff --git a/frontend/web/src/lib/types/agent.ts b/frontend/web/src/lib/types/agent.ts
index 295bbb9..ec48447 100644
--- a/frontend/web/src/lib/types/agent.ts
+++ b/frontend/web/src/lib/types/agent.ts
@@ -37,5 +37,12 @@ export interface BackthinkItem {
   conclusion?: string;
   shouldNotify?: boolean;
   pushed?: boolean;
+  /** 投递路由（后端 PushResult.Route）：none | rate_limited | active_client | im_bridge。
+   *  缺席 = 后端没报告该字段（例如实时帧未经解析），不等于「无路由」。 */
+  route?: string;
+  /** 打扰决策或投递的简短原因（后端 PushResult.Detail），例如 quiet hours、无活跃客户端。 */
+  detail?: string;
+  /** 事件驱动推送绕过了限频闸（后端 PushResult.Bypassed，"该发就发"）。 */
+  bypassed?: boolean;
   at: number;
 }
diff --git a/internal/services/gateway/admin.go b/internal/services/gateway/admin.go
index 5e13cc3..bdab047 100644
--- a/internal/services/gateway/admin.go
+++ b/internal/services/gateway/admin.go
@@ -114,13 +114,24 @@ type AdminUserRecord struct {
 
 // AdminBackthinkItem 是管理监控列表中一条后台思考记录的
 // 线上结构。
+//
+// Pushed 只回答「发没发出」；Route/Detail/Bypassed（design/12 §4、
+// design/10 §3 #12）回答「走了哪条路、为什么打扰/为什么不打扰」——
+// 它们直接来自后端已存的 PushResult，因此面板不必靠猜来解释
+// 一次静默。
 type AdminBackthinkItem struct {
 	ID           string `json:"id"`
 	Trigger      string `json:"trigger"`
 	Conclusion   string `json:"conclusion,omitempty"`
 	ShouldNotify bool   `json:"shouldNotify"`
 	Pushed       bool   `json:"pushed"`
-	At           int64  `json:"at"`
+	// Route 是投递路由：none | rate_limited | active_client | im_bridge。
+	Route string `json:"route,omitempty"`
+	// Detail 是打扰决策或投递的简短原因（如 quiet hours、无活跃客户端）。
+	Detail string `json:"detail,omitempty"`
+	// Bypassed 表示这是事件驱动的推送、绕过了限频闸（"该发就发"）。
+	Bypassed bool  `json:"bypassed"`
+	At       int64 `json:"at"`
 }
 
 // AdminRagDoc 是管理 RAG 列表中一个知识库文档（项目索引
diff --git a/internal/services/gateway/admin_backthink_push_test.go b/internal/services/gateway/admin_backthink_push_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d77383
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/services/gateway/admin_backthink_push_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+package gateway
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"git.yeij.top/AskaEth/Cyrene_v2/internal/auth"
+	"git.yeij.top/AskaEth/Cyrene_v2/internal/services/backthink"
+)
+
+// listBackthinkItems 调用管理端点并把线上结构解码回来。
+func listBackthinkItems(t *testing.T, ts *httptest.Server, tok string) (int, []byte, []AdminBackthinkItem) {
+	t.Helper()
+	resp, raw := doReq(t, http.MethodGet, ts.URL+"/api/v1/admin/backthink", nil, tok)
+	var list struct {
+		Data []AdminBackthinkItem `json:"data"`
+	}
+	if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusOK {
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &list); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("decode: %v (%s)", err, raw)
+		}
+	}
+	return resp.StatusCode, raw, list.Data
+}
+
+// TestAdminBackthink_ExposesPushRouteDetailBypass 是 P0-20 的真断言：
+// GET /api/v1/admin/backthink 必须把后端已存的 PushResult 里
+// route/detail/bypassed 真的送到客户端 —— 面板才能解释「为什么打扰 /
+// 为什么没打扰」。断言同时落在原始 JSON 与解码后的值上。
+func TestAdminBackthink_ExposesPushRouteDetailBypass(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	feed := &stubBackthinkFeed{records: []backthink.Record{
+		{
+			ID: 11, Trigger: "event", At: time.UnixMilli(1700), Conclusion: "服务器告警",
+			ShouldPush: true,
+			PushResult: backthink.PushResult{Pushed: true, Route: backthink.RouteActiveClient, Bypassed: true, Detail: "2 active clients"},
+		},
+		{
+			ID: 10, Trigger: "heartbeat", At: time.UnixMilli(1600), Conclusion: "只是想了一下",
+			ShouldPush: false,
+			PushResult: backthink.PushResult{Pushed: false, Route: backthink.RouteRateLimited, Detail: "proactive push rate limited"},
+		},
+	}}
+	_, ts, jwt := buildEnv(t, nil, Deps{Backthink: feed})
+	status, raw, items := listBackthinkItems(t, ts, signAny(t, jwt, "acct", auth.RoleOwner))
+	if status != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, body = %s", status, raw)
+	}
+	for _, want := range []string{
+		`"route":"active_client"`,
+		`"route":"rate_limited"`,
+		`"detail":"proactive push rate limited"`,
+		`"bypassed":true`,
+	} {
+		if !strings.Contains(string(raw), want) {
+			t.Fatalf("response is missing %s: %s", want, raw)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(items) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("items = %d, want 2", len(items))
+	}
+	got := items[0]
+	if got.ID != "11" || got.Route != string(backthink.RouteActiveClient) || got.Detail != "2 active clients" || !got.Bypassed || !got.Pushed {
+		t.Fatalf("item[0] = %+v", got)
+	}
+	silent := items[1]
+	if silent.Route != string(backthink.RouteRateLimited) || silent.Detail == "" || silent.Bypassed || silent.Pushed {
+		t.Fatalf("item[1] = %+v", silent)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestAdminBackthink_OmitsEmptyRouteAndDetail 钉住「没有值就不编」：未尝试
+// 推送（零值 PushResult）的记录不带 route/detail 键，而 bypassed 作为
+// 布尔始终显式出现 —— 面板因此能区分「这次没有路由」与「字段没接线」。
+func TestAdminBackthink_OmitsEmptyRouteAndDetail(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	feed := &stubBackthinkFeed{records: []backthink.Record{
+		{ID: 9, Trigger: "idle", At: time.UnixMilli(900), Conclusion: "什么都没有", ShouldPush: false},
+	}}
+	_, ts, jwt := buildEnv(t, nil, Deps{Backthink: feed})
+	status, raw, items := listBackthinkItems(t, ts, signAny(t, jwt, "acct", auth.RoleOwner))
+	if status != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, body = %s", status, raw)
+	}
+	if len(items) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("items = %d, want 1", len(items))
+	}
+	it := items[0]
+	if it.Route != "" || it.Detail != "" || it.Bypassed || it.Pushed || it.ShouldNotify {
+		t.Fatalf("item = %+v, want zero push fields", it)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(string(raw), `"route"`) || strings.Contains(string(raw), `"detail"`) {
+		t.Fatalf("empty route/detail must be omitted: %s", raw)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(string(raw), `"bypassed":false`) {
+		t.Fatalf("bypassed must always be present: %s", raw)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/internal/services/gateway/admin_plugins.go b/internal/services/gateway/admin_plugins.go
index a17d646..3d5d9e9 100644
--- a/internal/services/gateway/admin_plugins.go
+++ b/internal/services/gateway/admin_plugins.go
@@ -1,13 +1,17 @@
 package gateway
 
-// 管理侧插件安装/卸载与已安装插件列表。v1 中的运行时
-// 「插件」是一个外部 MCP server：安装即连接它、把它的
-// 工具热注册进能力注册表（从而无需重启就注入下一次
-// 模型请求），把其配置持久化到被 gitignore 的
-// plugins.json，并持有活着的 server 以便之后刷新/卸载
-// （design/09 插件生态 §1）。在单静态二进制中安装编译好的 Go 插件
-// 不可能，因此不提供该方式。写操作仅 owner 且带审计；
-// API key 会被持久化，但绝不返回，也绝不原样记日志。
+// 管理侧插件安装/卸载与已安装插件列表。运行时「插件」按 design/09
+// §2.1 有两类，都经同一个 install 端点、由 body 的 `kind` 分派：
+//
+//   - MCP server（本文件）：安装即连接它、把它的工具热注册进能力注册表
+//     （从而无需重启就注入下一次模型请求），把其配置持久化到被 gitignore
+//     的 plugins.json，并持有活着的 server 以便之后刷新/卸载。
+//   - Skill（admin_plugins_skill.go）：安装即解析一份工作流 YAML 并
+//     RegisterSkill 进注册表。
+//
+// 在单静态二进制中安装编译好的 Go 插件不可能，因此不提供该方式。
+// 写操作仅 owner 且带审计；API key 会被持久化，但绝不返回，
+// 也绝不原样记日志。
 
 import (
 	"context"
@@ -36,11 +40,16 @@ type pluginActionRequest struct {
 
 // pluginInstallRequest 是 POST /api/v1/admin/plugins/install 的请求体。Config
 // 承载 MCP server 连接字段；顶层的 name/kind 被单独
-// 保留，使该请求读起来与其他管理写一致。
+// 保留，使该请求读起来与其他管理写一致。YAML/Path 是
+// kind="skill" 的两种来源（内联内容或磁盘路径，二选一）。
 type pluginInstallRequest struct {
 	Kind   string              `json:"kind"`
 	Name   string              `json:"name"`
 	Config pluginInstallConfig `json:"config"`
+	// YAML 是 Skill 定义的 YAML 文本（kind="skill"）。
+	YAML string `json:"yaml"`
+	// Path 是 Skill 定义的 YAML 文件路径（kind="skill"），与 YAML 互斥。
+	Path string `json:"path"`
 }
 
 // pluginInstallConfig 是 MCP server 连接块。Endpoint 是 http/sse
@@ -75,10 +84,9 @@ type AdminInstalledPlugin struct {
 	ToolCount int `json:"toolCount"`
 }
 
-// adminPluginInstall 安装（或刷新）一个 MCP server 插件：它校验
-// 请求、连接并发现该 server 的工具，然后持久化配置。
-// connect/discover/register 失败会返回 502 且不持久化任何东西，
-// 因此插件绝不会处于半安装状态。
+// adminPluginInstall 安装（或刷新）一个运行时插件。它先按 body 的
+// kind 分派（缺省为 mcp），两类的失败语义一致：校验或接入失败即返回
+// 400/502/409 且不留下任何半安装状态。
 func (s *Server) adminPluginInstall(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	var req pluginInstallRequest
 	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
@@ -86,19 +94,30 @@ func (s *Server) adminPluginInstall(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		writeError(w, apperr.Wrap(apperr.ErrBadRequest, "bad_request", "invalid request body"))
 		return
 	}
-	name := strings.TrimSpace(req.Name)
-	if name == "" {
-		s.auditClaims(r, "plugin.install", "error")
-		writeError(w, apperr.Wrap(apperr.ErrBadRequest, "bad_request", "name is required"))
-		return
-	}
 	kind := strings.TrimSpace(req.Kind)
 	if kind == "" {
 		kind = runtimeconfig.PluginKindMCP
 	}
-	if kind != runtimeconfig.PluginKindMCP {
+	switch kind {
+	case runtimeconfig.PluginKindMCP:
+		s.adminInstallMCPPlugin(w, r, req)
+	case pluginKindSkill:
+		s.adminInstallSkillPlugin(w, r, req)
+	default:
 		s.auditClaims(r, "plugin.install", "error")
-		writeError(w, apperr.Wrap(apperr.ErrBadRequest, "bad_request", "kind %q is not installable; only %s", kind, runtimeconfig.PluginKindMCP))
+		writeError(w, apperr.Wrap(apperr.ErrBadRequest, "bad_request", "kind %q is not installable; only %s and %s", kind, runtimeconfig.PluginKindMCP, pluginKindSkill))
+	}
+}
+
+// adminInstallMCPPlugin 安装（或刷新）一个 MCP server 插件：它校验
+// 请求、连接并发现该 server 的工具，然后持久化配置。
+// connect/discover/register 失败会返回 502 且不持久化任何东西，
+// 因此插件绝不会处于半安装状态。
+func (s *Server) adminInstallMCPPlugin(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, req pluginInstallRequest) {
+	name := strings.TrimSpace(req.Name)
+	if name == "" {
+		s.auditClaims(r, "plugin.install", "error")
+		writeError(w, apperr.Wrap(apperr.ErrBadRequest, "bad_request", "name is required"))
 		return
 	}
 	if s.plugins == nil {
@@ -108,7 +127,7 @@ func (s *Server) adminPluginInstall(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	}
 	cfg := runtimeconfig.PluginConfig{
 		Name:      name,
-		Kind:      kind,
+		Kind:      runtimeconfig.PluginKindMCP,
 		Transport: strings.TrimSpace(req.Config.Transport),
 		Endpoint:  firstNonEmpty(req.Config.Endpoint, req.Config.URL),
 		Command:   strings.TrimSpace(req.Config.Command),
diff --git a/internal/services/gateway/admin_plugins_skill.go b/internal/services/gateway/admin_plugins_skill.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0826200
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/services/gateway/admin_plugins_skill.go
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+package gateway
+
+// Skill 运行时安装（design/09 §2.1）：POST /api/v1/admin/plugins/install 的
+// kind="skill" 分支。单二进制红线不允许热装编译好的 Go 程序，因此「安装
+// Skill」= 解析一份 Skill 工作流 YAML（内联内容或磁盘路径）并
+// RegisterSkill 进能力注册表。效果与 MCP 安装同范式：注册即刻可见
+// （GET /api/v1/admin/plugins 按 kind="skill" 列出、下一轮模型请求即可枚举），
+// 无需重启。执行侧仍按设计后置（Runner.Run 返回 ErrRunPending，M12 交付）。
+// 仅 owner 且带审计；解析失败 400 显式作答，绝不产生半安装状态。
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	capreg "git.yeij.top/AskaEth/Cyrene_v2/internal/capability/registry"
+	"git.yeij.top/AskaEth/Cyrene_v2/internal/capability/skills"
+	apperr "git.yeij.top/AskaEth/Cyrene_v2/internal/errors"
+)
+
+const (
+	// pluginKindSkill 是 install 端点接受的第二类插件（design/09 §0/§2.1）。
+	pluginKindSkill = "skill"
+	// maxSkillYAMLBytes 限制内联 YAML 与磁盘文件的大小，避免把任意巨型
+	// 文件读进内存。Skill 定义是提示词 + 步骤表，1 MiB 已足够宽裕。
+	maxSkillYAMLBytes = 1 << 20
+)
+
+// skillSource 是 Skill 定义的两种来源之一：内联 YAML 文本，或磁盘上的
+// YAML 文件路径。fromFile 决定解析失败时能否回显 YAML 解码器的原始
+// 错误（它可能带出被解析内容的前几个字符，见 adminInstallSkillPlugin）。
+type skillSource struct {
+	text     string
+	path     string
+	fromFile bool
+}
+
+// describe 返回审计/日志用的来源标签，绝不包含 YAML 内容。
+func (s skillSource) describe() string {
+	if s.fromFile {
+		return "file:" + s.path
+	}
+	return "inline"
+}
+
+// adminInstallSkillPlugin 安装（或刷新）一个 Skill：校验来源 →
+// 解析 YAML → 注册进能力注册表。同名已注册的 *Skill* 视为刷新
+// （与 MCP 安装「重复安装同名 = 刷新」同语义）；同名已被其他 kind
+// 的能力占用则 409 显式失败，绝不静默顶掉别人。
+func (s *Server) adminInstallSkillPlugin(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, req pluginInstallRequest) {
+	src, err := skillSourceOf(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		s.auditClaims(r, "plugin.install", "error")
+		writeError(w, apperr.Wrap(apperr.ErrBadRequest, "bad_request", "%v", err))
+		return
+	}
+	skill, err := s.parseSkill(src)
+	if err != nil {
+		s.auditClaims(r, "plugin.install", "error")
+		s.log.Error("skill install parse failed", "source", src.describe(), "error", err)
+		if src.fromFile {
+			// 内容由服务端从磁盘读出：YAML 解码错误会带出内容片段（实测
+			// `cannot unmarshal !!str \`LEAKMAR...\`` 会泄露前 7 个字符），
+			// 因此绝不回显给客户端（完整原因在后端日志里）。路径用 %s 而非
+			// %q：Windows 路径经 %q 会变成双反斜杠，回显给面板很难读。
+			writeError(w, apperr.Wrap(apperr.ErrBadRequest, "skill_parse_failed", "skill 文件「%s」解析失败，详细原因见后端日志", src.path))
+			return
+		}
+		writeError(w, apperr.Wrap(apperr.ErrBadRequest, "skill_parse_failed", "skill YAML 解析失败：%v", err))
+		return
+	}
+	if name := strings.TrimSpace(req.Name); name != "" && name != skill.Name() {
+		s.auditClaims(r, "plugin.install", "error")
+		writeError(w, apperr.Wrap(apperr.ErrBadRequest, "name_mismatch", "name %q 与 YAML 中的 skill 名 %q 不一致", name, skill.Name()))
+		return
+	}
+	reg, ok := s.caps.(*capreg.Registry)
+	if !ok {
+		s.auditClaims(r, "plugin.install", "error")
+		writeError(w, apperr.Wrap(apperr.ErrInternal, "plugins_unavailable", "capability registry is not configured"))
+		return
+	}
+	refreshed, err := registerSkillForInstall(reg, skill)
+	if err != nil {
+		s.auditClaims(r, "plugin.install", "error")
+		s.log.Error("skill install register failed", "skill", skill.Name(), "error", err)
+		var conflict *skillNameConflict
+		if errors.As(err, &conflict) {
+			writeError(w, apperr.Wrap(apperr.ErrConflict, "name_conflict", "%v", conflict))
+			return
+		}
+		writeError(w, apperr.Wrap(apperr.ErrInternal, "plugin_install_failed", "skill %q 注册失败", skill.Name()))
+		return
+	}
+	s.auditClaims(r, "plugin.install", "ok")
+	s.log.Info("skill installed", "skill", skill.Name(), "source", src.describe(), "refreshed", refreshed, "steps", len(skill.Steps()))
+	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{
+		"installed":  true,
+		"name":       skill.Name(),
+		"kind":       pluginKindSkill,
+		"refreshed":  refreshed,
+		"steps":      len(skill.Steps()),
+		"guardrails": len(skill.Guardrails()),
+	})
+}
+
+// skillNameConflict 表示要安装的 skill 名已被另一类能力占用（409 显式
+// 作答，绝不静默替换）。它是错误值，使 handler 能把「名字冲突」与
+// 「注册表故障」分开映射到 409 与 500。
+type skillNameConflict struct {
+	name       string
+	occupiedBy string
+	occupiedK  string
+}
+
+// Error 实现 error。
+func (c *skillNameConflict) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("能力名 %q 已被 kind=%s 的能力（%s）占用，不能用作 skill 名；请换名或先卸载该能力", c.name, c.occupiedK, c.occupiedBy)
+}
+
+// registerSkillForInstall 把 skill 注册进 reg 并报告是否发生了刷新：
+//   - 名字空闲 → 直接注册；
+//   - 名字已被**同类**（KindSkill）占用 → 先移除再注册（MCP 安装的
+//     「重复安装同名 = 刷新」同语义；注册表已落盘的策略标记会被重新套上）；
+//   - 名字被**其他 kind** 占用 → 返回 *skillNameConflict，绝不删除别人。
+func registerSkillForInstall(reg *capreg.Registry, skill *skills.Skill) (bool, error) {
+	existing, err := reg.Get(skill.Name())
+	switch {
+	case err == nil && existing.Kind != capreg.KindSkill:
+		return false, &skillNameConflict{name: skill.Name(), occupiedBy: existing.Name, occupiedK: string(existing.Kind)}
+	case err == nil:
+		if rerr := reg.Remove(existing.Name); rerr != nil {
+			return false, fmt.Errorf("gateway: refresh skill %q: %w", skill.Name(), rerr)
+		}
+		if rerr := skills.Register(reg, skill); rerr != nil {
+			return false, fmt.Errorf("gateway: refresh skill %q: %w", skill.Name(), rerr)
+		}
+		return true, nil
+	case errors.Is(err, capreg.ErrNotFound):
+		if rerr := skills.Register(reg, skill); rerr != nil {
+			return false, fmt.Errorf("gateway: register skill %q: %w", skill.Name(), rerr)
+		}
+		return false, nil
+	default:
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("gateway: lookup skill %q: %w", skill.Name(), err)
+	}
+}
+
+// skillSourceOf 从安装请求体取出 Skill 来源，强制 YAML 与 Path 二选一
+// （都空或都给都是显式 400 —— 后者会让人无法判断到底装的是哪一份）。
+func skillSourceOf(req pluginInstallRequest) (skillSource, error) {
+	text := strings.TrimSpace(req.YAML)
+	path := strings.TrimSpace(req.Path)
+	switch {
+	case text != "" && path != "":
+		return skillSource{}, errors.New("yaml 与 path 互斥，只能给其中一个")
+	case path != "":
+		return skillSource{path: path, fromFile: true}, nil
+	case text != "":
+		return skillSource{text: text}, nil
+	default:
+		return skillSource{}, errors.New("kind=\"skill\" 需要 yaml（YAML 内容）或 path（YAML 文件路径）")
+	}
+}
+
+// parseSkill 用 skills.Loader 把来源解析为一个 Skill。文件来源有大小上限，
+// 且只接受普通文件（目录/设备文件不是 Skill 定义）。
+func (s *Server) parseSkill(src skillSource) (*skills.Skill, error) {
+	loader := skills.NewLoader(s.log)
+	if !src.fromFile {
+		skill, err := loader.Load(strings.NewReader(src.text))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("skill yaml: %w", err)
+		}
+		return skill, nil
+	}
+	f, err := os.Open(src.path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("open %q: %w", src.path, err)
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+	info, err := f.Stat()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("stat %q: %w", src.path, err)
+	}
+	if !info.Mode().IsRegular() {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%q 不是普通文件", src.path)
+	}
+	if info.Size() > maxSkillYAMLBytes {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%q 超过 %d 字节上限", src.path, maxSkillYAMLBytes)
+	}
+	skill, err := loader.Load(io.LimitReader(f, maxSkillYAMLBytes))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("skill file %q: %w", src.path, err)
+	}
+	return skill, nil
+}
diff --git a/internal/services/gateway/admin_plugins_skill_test.go b/internal/services/gateway/admin_plugins_skill_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc70963
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/services/gateway/admin_plugins_skill_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+package gateway
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	capreg "git.yeij.top/AskaEth/Cyrene_v2/internal/capability/registry"
+	"git.yeij.top/AskaEth/Cyrene_v2/pkg/plugins/sdk"
+)
+
+// dailyBriefYAML 是一份合法的 Skill 定义：两步工作流 + 一条引用 +
+// 一条护栏，用来断言注册进注册表的确实是「工作流」而不是空壳。
+const dailyBriefYAML = `name: daily-brief
+description: 每日简报
+prompt: 你是简报助手
+steps:
+  - name: gather
+    prompt: 收集今日要点
+  - name: summarize
+    prompt: 归纳成 3 条
+    depends: [gather]
+refs:
+  - name: calendar
+    type: tool
+    value: calendar
+guardrails:
+  - id: no-pii
+    message: 不要泄露隐私
+    enforced: true
+`
+
+// skillInstallResult 是 install 响应中的 skill 分支字段。
+type skillInstallResult struct {
+	Installed  bool   `json:"installed"`
+	Name       string `json:"name"`
+	Kind       string `json:"kind"`
+	Refreshed  bool   `json:"refreshed"`
+	Steps      int    `json:"steps"`
+	Guardrails int    `json:"guardrails"`
+}
+
+// errorEnvelope 是 {error:{code,message}} 信封的最小投影。
+type errorEnvelope struct {
+	Error struct {
+		Code    string `json:"code"`
+		Message string `json:"message"`
+	} `json:"error"`
+}
+
+// installSkill 发起一次 skill 安装并返回状态码与原始响应体。
+func installSkill(t *testing.T, env *pluginTestEnv, body any) (int, []byte) {
+	t.Helper()
+	resp, raw := doReq(t, http.MethodPost, env.ts.URL+"/api/v1/admin/plugins/install", body, env.token)
+	return resp.StatusCode, raw
+}
+
+// TestAdminPluginInstallSkill_RegistersWorkflowCapability 是本条的真断言：
+// POST kind="skill" 之后能力注册表里真的出现该 Skill（kind=skill），
+// 且其步骤/引用/护栏按 YAML 落地 —— 而不是只回一个 200。
+func TestAdminPluginInstallSkill_RegistersWorkflowCapability(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	env := newPluginTestEnv(t, nil)
+
+	status, raw := installSkill(t, env, map[string]any{"kind": "skill", "yaml": dailyBriefYAML})
+	if status != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("install status = %d, body = %s", status, raw)
+	}
+	var envelope struct {
+		Data skillInstallResult `json:"data"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &envelope); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode: %v (%s)", err, raw)
+	}
+	if !envelope.Data.Installed || envelope.Data.Kind != "skill" || envelope.Data.Name != "daily-brief" || envelope.Data.Refreshed {
+		t.Fatalf("install data = %+v", envelope.Data)
+	}
+	if envelope.Data.Steps != 2 || envelope.Data.Guardrails != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("install data counts = %+v, want 2 steps / 1 guardrail", envelope.Data)
+	}
+
+	cap, err := env.caps.Get("daily-brief")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("registry lookup: %v", err)
+	}
+	if cap.Kind != capreg.KindSkill {
+		t.Fatalf("capability kind = %q, want %q", cap.Kind, capreg.KindSkill)
+	}
+	skill, ok := cap.Value.(sdk.Skill)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("capability value = %T, want sdk.Skill", cap.Value)
+	}
+	if got := skill.Steps(); len(got) != 2 || got[1].Name != "summarize" || len(got[1].Depends) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("steps = %+v", got)
+	}
+	if got := skill.Refs(); len(got) != 1 || got[0].Value != "calendar" {
+		t.Fatalf("refs = %+v", got)
+	}
+	if got := skill.Guardrails(); len(got) != 1 || !got[0].Enforced || got[0].Message != "不要泄露隐私" {
+		t.Fatalf("guardrails = %+v", got)
+	}
+
+	// 管理读面必须看得见它（面板靠 GET /admin/plugins 列出 kind=skill）。
+	resp, raw := doReq(t, http.MethodGet, env.ts.URL+"/api/v1/admin/plugins", nil, env.token)
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("plugins list status = %d, body = %s", resp.StatusCode, raw)
+	}
+	var list struct {
+		Data []PluginSummary `json:"data"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &list); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode list: %v (%s)", err, raw)
+	}
+	found := false
+	for _, it := range list.Data {
+		if it.Name == "daily-brief" && it.Kind == "skill" && it.Description == "每日简报" {
+			found = true
+		}
+	}
+	if !found {
+		t.Fatalf("skill not visible in /admin/plugins: %+v", list.Data)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestAdminPluginInstallSkill_ReinstallRefreshesSameName 钉住「重复安装同名 =
+// 刷新」语义：第二次带新描述的 YAML 必须换掉旧定义，而不是报冲突、
+// 更不是留下旧定义（否则面板「保存成功」是假的）。
+func TestAdminPluginInstallSkill_ReinstallRefreshesSameName(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	env := newPluginTestEnv(t, nil)
+	if status, raw := installSkill(t, env, map[string]any{"kind": "skill", "yaml": dailyBriefYAML}); status != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("first install status = %d, body = %s", status, raw)
+	}
+	updated := strings.Replace(dailyBriefYAML, "description: 每日简报", "description: 每日简报 v2", 1)
+	status, raw := installSkill(t, env, map[string]any{"kind": "skill", "yaml": updated})
+	if status != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("refresh status = %d, body = %s", status, raw)
+	}
+	var envelope struct {
+		Data skillInstallResult `json:"data"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &envelope); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode: %v (%s)", err, raw)
+	}
+	if !envelope.Data.Refreshed {
+		t.Fatalf("refreshed = false, want true for same-name reinstall: %s", raw)
+	}
+	cap, err := env.caps.Get("daily-brief")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("registry lookup: %v", err)
+	}
+	if cap.Description != "每日简报 v2" {
+		t.Fatalf("description after refresh = %q, want 每日简报 v2", cap.Description)
+	}
+	if n := len(env.caps.List(capreg.KindSkill)); n != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("skill count = %d, want 1 (refresh must not duplicate)", n)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestAdminPluginInstallSkill_FromFile 覆盖 design/09 §2.1 的第二种来源：
+// 磁盘 YAML 路径。同时验证卸载沿用通用能力移除路径。
+func TestAdminPluginInstallSkill_FromFile(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	env := newPluginTestEnv(t, nil)
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "daily-brief.yaml")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(dailyBriefYAML), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write skill file: %v", err)
+	}
+	status, raw := installSkill(t, env, map[string]any{"kind": "skill", "path": path})
+	if status != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("install status = %d, body = %s", status, raw)
+	}
+	if _, err := env.caps.Get("daily-brief"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("skill not registered from file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	resp, raw := doReq(t, http.MethodPost, env.ts.URL+"/api/v1/admin/plugins/uninstall", map[string]any{"name": "daily-brief"}, env.token)
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("uninstall status = %d, body = %s", resp.StatusCode, raw)
+	}
+	if _, err := env.caps.Get("daily-brief"); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("skill still registered after uninstall")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestAdminPluginInstallSkill_RejectsNameConflictWithOtherKind 证明刷新语义
+// 不会越界：同名已被一个 tool 占用时返回 409，且那个 tool 必须原样存活
+// （绝不先删后装）。
+func TestAdminPluginInstallSkill_RejectsNameConflictWithOtherKind(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	env := newPluginTestEnv(t, nil)
+	if err := env.caps.RegisterTool(stubTool{}); err != nil { // 名为 "echo" 的工具
+		t.Fatalf("register tool: %v", err)
+	}
+	conflicting := strings.Replace(dailyBriefYAML, "name: daily-brief", "name: echo", 1)
+	status, raw := installSkill(t, env, map[string]any{"kind": "skill", "yaml": conflicting})
+	if status != http.StatusConflict {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 409, body = %s", status, raw)
+	}
+	var envErr errorEnvelope
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &envErr); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode error envelope: %v (%s)", err, raw)
+	}
+	if envErr.Error.Code != "name_conflict" {
+		t.Fatalf("error code = %q, want name_conflict (%s)", envErr.Error.Code, raw)
+	}
+	cap, err := env.caps.Get("echo")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("tool echo disappeared after a rejected skill install: %v", err)
+	}
+	if cap.Kind != capreg.KindTool {
+		t.Fatalf("capability echo kind = %q, want %q", cap.Kind, capreg.KindTool)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestAdminPluginInstallSkill_InvalidRequestsReturn400 逐条钉住非法输入的
+// 显式 400（不静默、不留半安装状态）。
+func TestAdminPluginInstallSkill_InvalidRequestsReturn400(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	env := newPluginTestEnv(t, nil)
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	leaky := filepath.Join(dir, "leaky.yaml")
+	// 类型不匹配会让 yaml 解码器把出错值的前几个字符写进错误信息，
+	// 因此「文件来源」这条必须只回显通用原因（见下一条用例）。
+	if err := os.WriteFile(leaky, []byte("name: leaky\nsteps: \"LEAKMARKER_SECRET\"\n"), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write leaky skill: %v", err)
+	}
+	cases := []struct {
+		name     string
+		body     map[string]any
+		wantCode string
+	}{
+		{"neither yaml nor path", map[string]any{"kind": "skill"}, "bad_request"},
+		{"yaml and path", map[string]any{"kind": "skill", "yaml": dailyBriefYAML, "path": leaky}, "bad_request"},
+		{"name mismatch", map[string]any{"kind": "skill", "name": "other", "yaml": dailyBriefYAML}, "name_mismatch"},
+		{"blank name in yaml", map[string]any{"kind": "skill", "yaml": "description: 无名字\n"}, "skill_parse_failed"},
+		{"not yaml at all", map[string]any{"kind": "skill", "yaml": "]{ not yaml"}, "skill_parse_failed"},
+		{"missing file", map[string]any{"kind": "skill", "path": filepath.Join(dir, "nope.yaml")}, "skill_parse_failed"},
+		{"path is a directory", map[string]any{"kind": "skill", "path": dir}, "skill_parse_failed"},
+		{"bad yaml file", map[string]any{"kind": "skill", "path": leaky}, "skill_parse_failed"},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+			status, raw := installSkill(t, env, tc.body)
+			if status != http.StatusBadRequest {
+				t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 400, body = %s", status, raw)
+			}
+			var envErr errorEnvelope
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &envErr); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("decode error envelope: %v (%s)", err, raw)
+			}
+			if envErr.Error.Code != tc.wantCode {
+				t.Fatalf("error code = %q, want %q (%s)", envErr.Error.Code, tc.wantCode, raw)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+	if n := len(env.caps.List(capreg.KindSkill)); n != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("skills registered after rejected installs = %d, want 0", n)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestAdminPluginInstallSkill_FileParseErrorDoesNotEchoContent 是
+// 上一条的安全面：文件由服务端读取，解析错误可能带出文件片段
+// （yaml 解码器会打印出错值的前 7 个字符），因此响应体绝不回显
+// 内容，只给通用原因 + 路径。
+func TestAdminPluginInstallSkill_FileParseErrorDoesNotEchoContent(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	env := newPluginTestEnv(t, nil)
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "leaky.yaml")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte("name: leaky\nsteps: \"LEAKMARKER_SECRET\"\n"), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write leaky skill: %v", err)
+	}
+	status, raw := installSkill(t, env, map[string]any{"kind": "skill", "path": path})
+	if status != http.StatusBadRequest {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 400, body = %s", status, raw)
+	}
+	// "LEAKMAR" 正是解码器会带出的前 7 个字符；回显内联内容时它必现，
+	// 因此这一断言能真正抓住「把文件内容透给客户端」的回归。
+	if strings.Contains(string(raw), "LEAKMAR") {
+		t.Fatalf("file-sourced parse error echoed file content: %s", raw)
+	}
+	var envErr errorEnvelope
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &envErr); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode error envelope: %v (%s)", err, raw)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(envErr.Error.Message, "LEAKMAR") {
+		t.Fatalf("decoded message leaked file content: %s", envErr.Error.Message)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(envErr.Error.Message, path) {
+		t.Fatalf("error should name the file path, got %q", envErr.Error.Message)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/internal/services/gateway/admin_query.go b/internal/services/gateway/admin_query.go
index 5c3468c..f6332c7 100644
--- a/internal/services/gateway/admin_query.go
+++ b/internal/services/gateway/admin_query.go
@@ -377,6 +377,9 @@ func (s *Server) adminListBackthink(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			Conclusion:   rec.Conclusion,
 			ShouldNotify: rec.ShouldPush,
 			Pushed:       rec.PushResult.Pushed,
+			Route:        string(rec.PushResult.Route),
+			Detail:       rec.PushResult.Detail,
+			Bypassed:     rec.PushResult.Bypassed,
 			At:           rec.At.UnixMilli(),
 		})
 	}
diff --git a/internal/services/gateway/admin_write_iot_automations.go b/internal/services/gateway/admin_write_iot_automations.go
index 66c8b36..fb96732 100644
--- a/internal/services/gateway/admin_write_iot_automations.go
+++ b/internal/services/gateway/admin_write_iot_automations.go
@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 package gateway
 
 import (
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/hex"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"net/http"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	apperr "git.yeij.top/AskaEth/Cyrene_v2/internal/errors"
 	"git.yeij.top/AskaEth/Cyrene_v2/internal/iot"
@@ -185,3 +189,82 @@ func (s *Server) adminDeleteAutomation(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	s.auditClaims(r, "automation.delete", "ok")
 	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{"id": id, "deleted": true})
 }
+
+// reminderCreateRequest 是 POST /api/v1/admin/automations/reminders 的请求体。
+// At 是 RFC3339（带小数秒亦可）；ID 省略时由后端生成，使面板无需
+// 自己保证唯一。
+type reminderCreateRequest struct {
+	ID      string `json:"id"`
+	At      string `json:"at"`
+	Message string `json:"message"`
+}
+
+// adminCreateReminder 创建一条真实的定时提醒（design/10 §3 #12「提醒」）。
+// 提醒进 ReminderStore 后由既有的轮询循环到点发布 reminder.trigger
+// 到进程内 bus（P0-22 之前该 Store 只有测试调用，生产没有创建入口，
+// 因此提醒功能实际不可达）。at 若已是过去时刻，按 Store 语义会在
+// 下一次轮询立即触发 —— 这是真实行为，不是假成功。
+func (s *Server) adminCreateReminder(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	var req reminderCreateRequest
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+		writeError(w, apperr.Wrap(apperr.ErrBadRequest, "bad_request", "invalid request body"))
+		return
+	}
+	message := strings.TrimSpace(req.Message)
+	rawAt := strings.TrimSpace(req.At)
+	if message == "" || rawAt == "" {
+		s.auditClaims(r, "automation.reminder.create", "error")
+		writeError(w, apperr.Wrap(apperr.ErrBadRequest, "bad_request", "at 与 message 均为必填"))
+		return
+	}
+	at, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, rawAt)
+	if err != nil {
+		s.auditClaims(r, "automation.reminder.create", "error")
+		writeError(w, apperr.Wrap(apperr.ErrBadRequest, "invalid_at", "at 必须是 RFC3339 时间戳（如 2026-10-05T09:30:00+08:00）"))
+		return
+	}
+	auto, ok := s.automations.(*automations.Service)
+	if !ok {
+		s.auditClaims(r, "automation.reminder.create", "error")
+		writeError(w, apperr.Wrap(apperr.ErrInternal, "automation_unavailable", "自动化服务未配置"))
+		return
+	}
+	id := strings.TrimSpace(req.ID)
+	if id == "" {
+		id = newReminderID()
+	}
+	rem := automations.Reminder{ID: id, At: at, Message: message}
+	if err := auto.AddReminder(r.Context(), rem); err != nil {
+		s.auditClaims(r, "automation.reminder.create", "error")
+		if errors.Is(err, automations.ErrDuplicate) {
+			writeError(w, apperr.Wrap(apperr.ErrConflict, "already_exists", "提醒 %q 已存在", id))
+			return
+		}
+		if errors.Is(err, automations.ErrInvalidRule) {
+			writeError(w, apperr.Wrap(apperr.ErrBadRequest, "invalid_rule", "提醒 id 或时间非法"))
+			return
+		}
+		writeError(w, apperr.Wrap(apperr.ErrInternal, "automation_failed", "提醒创建失败"))
+		return
+	}
+	s.auditClaims(r, "automation.reminder.create", "ok")
+	writeJSON(w, http.StatusCreated, map[string]any{
+		"id":      rem.ID,
+		"at":      rem.At.Format(time.RFC3339),
+		"message": rem.Message,
+		"kind":    "reminder",
+	})
+}
+
+// newReminderID 生成面板省略 id 时使用的提醒 id。它用 crypto/rand 的
+// 128 位十六进制随机值（与 skills.Store 的 newID 同范式），而不是
+// UnixNano：Windows 的 time.Now 粒度可粗到毫秒，同一刻度内连创两条
+// 会撞 id，被 ReminderStore 判为 ErrDuplicate（假失败）。
+func newReminderID() string {
+	var b [16]byte
+	if _, err := rand.Read(b[:]); err != nil {
+		// crypto/rand 实际不会失败；兜底也在前缀上与随机形式同形。
+		return "rem-" + strconv.FormatInt(time.Now().UnixNano(), 10)
+	}
+	return "rem-" + hex.EncodeToString(b[:])
+}
diff --git a/internal/services/gateway/admin_write_reminder_test.go b/internal/services/gateway/admin_write_reminder_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8ccc61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/services/gateway/admin_write_reminder_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+package gateway
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"git.yeij.top/AskaEth/Cyrene_v2/internal/auth"
+	"git.yeij.top/AskaEth/Cyrene_v2/internal/bus"
+	"git.yeij.top/AskaEth/Cyrene_v2/internal/services/automations"
+)
+
+// reminderTestEnv 构建一个注入了真实 automations.Service 的网关
+// （P0-22 之前该服务在生产里没有任何创建入口，提醒因此不可达）。
+func reminderTestEnv(t *testing.T) (*httptest.Server, *automations.Service, string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	auto, err := automations.NewService(automations.Config{}, automations.Deps{Bus: bus.New()})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("new automations service: %v", err)
+	}
+	_, ts, jwt := buildEnv(t, nil, Deps{Automations: auto})
+	return ts, auto, signAny(t, jwt, "acct", auth.RoleOwner)
+}
+
+// postReminder 调用提醒创建端点并返回状态码与原始响应体。
+func postReminder(t *testing.T, ts *httptest.Server, tok string, body any) (int, []byte) {
+	t.Helper()
+	resp, raw := doReq(t, http.MethodPost, ts.URL+"/api/v1/admin/automations/reminders", body, tok)
+	return resp.StatusCode, raw
+}
+
+// TestAdminCreateReminder_AppearsInServiceList 是 P0-22 的真断言：
+// POST /api/v1/admin/automations/reminders 之后，该提醒真的出现在
+// ReminderStore（Service.Reminders / List）里，且时间与文案一致 ——
+// 而不是只回一个 201。
+func TestAdminCreateReminder_AppearsInServiceList(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	ts, auto, tok := reminderTestEnv(t)
+	at := time.Now().Add(2 * time.Hour).Truncate(time.Second)
+
+	status, raw := postReminder(t, ts, tok, map[string]any{"id": "rem-drink", "at": at.Format(time.RFC3339), "message": "提醒主人喝水"})
+	if status != http.StatusCreated {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 201, body = %s", status, raw)
+	}
+	var envelope struct {
+		Data struct {
+			ID      string `json:"id"`
+			At      string `json:"at"`
+			Message string `json:"message"`
+			Kind    string `json:"kind"`
+		} `json:"data"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &envelope); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode: %v (%s)", err, raw)
+	}
+	if envelope.Data.ID != "rem-drink" || envelope.Data.Kind != "reminder" || envelope.Data.Message != "提醒主人喝水" {
+		t.Fatalf("created reminder = %+v", envelope.Data)
+	}
+	if envelope.Data.At != at.Format(time.RFC3339) {
+		t.Fatalf("at = %q, want %q", envelope.Data.At, at.Format(time.RFC3339))
+	}
+
+	list := auto.Reminders()
+	if len(list) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("Reminders() = %+v, want exactly the created one", list)
+	}
+	if list[0].ID != "rem-drink" || list[0].Message != "提醒主人喝水" || !list[0].At.Equal(at) {
+		t.Fatalf("reminder in store = %+v", list[0])
+	}
+
+	// 管理读面（面板的自动化页）也必须看到它，且 kind 为 reminder。
+	resp, raw := doReq(t, http.MethodGet, ts.URL+"/api/v1/admin/automations", nil, tok)
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("automations list status = %d, body = %s", resp.StatusCode, raw)
+	}
+	var listEnv struct {
+		Data []AdminAutomationRecord `json:"data"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &listEnv); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode automations list: %v (%s)", err, raw)
+	}
+	found := false
+	for _, rec := range listEnv.Data {
+		if rec.ID == "rem-drink" && rec.Kind == "reminder" && rec.Name == "提醒主人喝水" {
+			found = true
+		}
+	}
+	if !found {
+		t.Fatalf("reminder not visible in /admin/automations: %+v", listEnv.Data)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestAdminCreateReminder_GeneratesIDWhenOmitted 证明面板不必自己保证
+// id 唯一：省略 id 时后端生成，且两次创建得到两条不同提醒。
+func TestAdminCreateReminder_GeneratesIDWhenOmitted(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	ts, auto, tok := reminderTestEnv(t)
+	at := time.Now().Add(time.Hour).Truncate(time.Second).Format(time.RFC3339)
+	ids := make([]string, 0, 2)
+	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
+		status, raw := postReminder(t, ts, tok, map[string]any{"at": at, "message": fmt.Sprintf("第 %d 次", i)})
+		if status != http.StatusCreated {
+			t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 201, body = %s", status, raw)
+		}
+		var envelope struct {
+			Data struct {
+				ID string `json:"id"`
+			} `json:"data"`
+		}
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &envelope); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("decode: %v (%s)", err, raw)
+		}
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(envelope.Data.ID, "rem-") {
+			t.Fatalf("generated id = %q, want rem- prefix", envelope.Data.ID)
+		}
+		ids = append(ids, envelope.Data.ID)
+	}
+	if ids[0] == ids[1] {
+		t.Fatalf("generated ids collide: %q", ids[0])
+	}
+	if n := len(auto.Reminders()); n != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("Reminders() = %d, want 2", n)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestAdminCreateReminder_InvalidInputReturns400 逐条钉住非法输入的显式
+// 400；重复 id 是 409（已有同名提醒），绝不静默覆盖。
+func TestAdminCreateReminder_InvalidInputReturns400(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	ts, auto, tok := reminderTestEnv(t)
+	at := time.Now().Add(time.Hour).Truncate(time.Second)
+	cases := []struct {
+		name string
+		body map[string]any
+		want int
+		code string
+	}{
+		{"missing message", map[string]any{"at": at.Format(time.RFC3339)}, http.StatusBadRequest, "bad_request"},
+		{"missing at", map[string]any{"message": "x"}, http.StatusBadRequest, "bad_request"},
+		{"at not rfc3339", map[string]any{"at": "明天早上", "message": "x"}, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_at"},
+		{"at unix millis", map[string]any{"at": "1760000000000", "message": "x"}, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_at"},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+			status, raw := postReminder(t, ts, tok, tc.body)
+			if status != tc.want {
+				t.Fatalf("status = %d, want %d, body = %s", status, tc.want, raw)
+			}
+			var envErr errorEnvelope
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &envErr); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("decode error envelope: %v (%s)", err, raw)
+			}
+			if envErr.Error.Code != tc.code {
+				t.Fatalf("error code = %q, want %q (%s)", envErr.Error.Code, tc.code, raw)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+	if n := len(auto.Reminders()); n != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("reminders after rejected writes = %d, want 0", n)
+	}
+
+	body := map[string]any{"id": "dup", "at": at.Format(time.RFC3339), "message": "第一次"}
+	if status, raw := postReminder(t, ts, tok, body); status != http.StatusCreated {
+		t.Fatalf("first status = %d, body = %s", status, raw)
+	}
+	status, raw := postReminder(t, ts, tok, body)
+	if status != http.StatusConflict {
+		t.Fatalf("duplicate status = %d, want 409, body = %s", status, raw)
+	}
+	var envErr errorEnvelope
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &envErr); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode duplicate envelope: %v (%s)", err, raw)
+	}
+	if envErr.Error.Code != "already_exists" {
+		t.Fatalf("duplicate code = %q, want already_exists (%s)", envErr.Error.Code, raw)
+	}
+	if n := len(auto.Reminders()); n != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("reminders = %d, want 1 (duplicate must not overwrite)", n)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/internal/services/gateway/rbac_viewer_test.go b/internal/services/gateway/rbac_viewer_test.go
index a296843..9d9e0b7 100644
--- a/internal/services/gateway/rbac_viewer_test.go
+++ b/internal/services/gateway/rbac_viewer_test.go
@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ var ownerOnlyRoutes = []rbacRoute{
 	{"iot/scenarios", http.MethodPost, "/api/v1/admin/iot/scenarios"},
 	{"iot/rules", http.MethodPost, "/api/v1/admin/iot/rules"},
 	{"automations POST", http.MethodPost, "/api/v1/admin/automations"},
+	{"automations/reminders POST", http.MethodPost, "/api/v1/admin/automations/reminders"},
 	{"automations/{id}/run", http.MethodPost, "/api/v1/admin/automations/a1/run"},
 	{"automations/{id} DELETE", http.MethodDelete, "/api/v1/admin/automations/a1"},
 	{"llm POST", http.MethodPost, "/api/v1/admin/llm"},
diff --git a/internal/services/gateway/routes.go b/internal/services/gateway/routes.go
index 49c5c41..3345c92 100644
--- a/internal/services/gateway/routes.go
+++ b/internal/services/gateway/routes.go
@@ -191,6 +191,10 @@ func (s *Server) registerAdminWriteRoutes(mux *http.ServeMux, ownerAuth func(htt
 	mux.Handle("POST /api/v1/admin/iot/scenarios", ownerAuth(http.HandlerFunc(s.adminIoTScenario)))
 	mux.Handle("POST /api/v1/admin/iot/rules", ownerAuth(http.HandlerFunc(s.adminIoTRule)))
 	mux.Handle("POST /api/v1/admin/automations", ownerAuth(http.HandlerFunc(s.adminCreateAutomation)))
+	// 定时提醒（P0-22）：cron/event 之外的第三种自动化，到点把
+	// reminder.trigger 发布到进程内 bus。它是真实写入（进 ReminderStore
+	// 的轮询集合），因此与其他自动化写同门同审计。
+	mux.Handle("POST /api/v1/admin/automations/reminders", ownerAuth(http.HandlerFunc(s.adminCreateReminder)))
 	mux.Handle("POST /api/v1/admin/automations/{id}/run", ownerAuth(http.HandlerFunc(s.adminRunAutomation)))
 	mux.Handle("DELETE /api/v1/admin/automations/{id}", ownerAuth(http.HandlerFunc(s.adminDeleteAutomation)))
 	mux.Handle("POST /api/v1/admin/llm", ownerAuth(http.HandlerFunc(s.adminAddLlmProvider)))